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Series III: Children in Debt, 1987, inclusive

Scope and Content Note

The 29-minute documentary Children in Debt (Niños Deudores) examines problems caused from the debts owed by Latin American countries to the United States. Released in 1985, the film looks at the ways in which poverty, hunger, and changes to government programs that resulted from these internationals debts affected ordinary citizens, specifically children. In addition to the full-length documentary, the footage in this series includes interviews and visuals from the filming in Argentina, Peru, Bolivia, and Columbia.

Niños Deudores, 1987, inclusive

Box: 75, DVD: ref2 (Material Type: Moving Images)

Scope and Content Note

This is a full-length version of the film Children in Debt. This film is in Spanish and contains subtitles in English.

Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements

Original Format: Umatic. Duration: 00:29:00.

Children in Debt, 1988 May 5, inclusive

Box: 97, DVD: ref957 (Material Type: Moving Images)

Language of Materials

This documentary is in Spanish with subtitles in English.

Scope and Contents

This video contains a complete version of the documentary Children in Debt. Audio and video quality are poor at the beginning and end of this video.

Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements

Original Format: Umatic. Duration: 00:45:04.

Children in Debt, 1987, inclusive

reel: ref2156_01 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
reel: ref2156_02 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Extent

2 Reels

Children in Debt, 1987, inclusive

reel: ref2163 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Children in Debt, 1987, inclusive

reel: ref2168 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

"Children in Debt, Old Version, Spanish (Master)", 1987, inclusive

Box: 44, Cassette: ref951 (Material Type: video)

"Children in Debt, Spanish (Master)", 1987, inclusive

Box: 44, Cassette: ref952 (Material Type: video)

"Children in Debt (Master)", 1987, inclusive

Box: 44, Cassette: ref953 (Material Type: video)

Children in Debt, 1987, inclusive

Box: 44, Cassette: ref954 (Material Type: video)

"Children in Debt, with English subtitles (Master)", 1987, inclusive

Box: 44, Cassette: ref955 (Material Type: video)

"Children in Debt, with English subtitles (Master)", 1987, inclusive

Box: 43, Cassette: ref956 (Material Type: video)

"Children in Debt- Peru", circa 1987, inclusive

Box: 27, U-matic: ref643 (Material Type: video)

"Children in Debt- Peru", circa 1987, inclusive

Box: 27, U-matic: ref649 (Material Type: video)

"8 Plus Interview with Economist", circa 1987, inclusive

Box: 26, Cassette: ref597 (Material Type: video)

"Alcade (Mayor) Barrantes Entrevista", circa 1987, inclusive

Box: 26, Cassette: ref602 (Material Type: video)

Argentina - footage of political event followed by scenes at an office of the National Food Program (Programa Alimentario Nacional), circa 1987, inclusive

Box: 82, DVD: ref595 (Material Type: Moving Images)

Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements

Original Format: Umatic. Duration: 00:22:00.

"Argentina #2 Street Talking about debt in Argentina", circa 1987, inclusive

Box: 52, Cassette: ref1208 (Material Type: video)

"Argentina #9 Visuals Neon Signs with Priest outside Church (Father Fascinelli)", circa 1987, inclusive

Box: 52, Box: ref1209 (Material Type: video)

Barrantes, Alfonso: Interview, 1980s, inclusive

Box: 82, DVD: ref596 (Material Type: Moving Images)

Historical/Biographical Note

Augusto Alfonso Barrantes Lingan (1927-2000) was a socialist, labor lawyer, and mayor of Lima, Peru, from 1983-1987. He promoted the installation of kitchens in the city's slums and is known for his Vaso de Leche (Glass of Milk) campaign to ensure a daily glass of milk for every child in Lima.

Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements

Original Format: Umatic. Duration: 00:20:00.

Barrantes, milk campaign, other footage (Peru), circa 1987, inclusive

Box: 82, DVD: ref598 (Material Type: Moving Images)

Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements

Original Format: Umatic. Duration: 00:21:00.

Barrantes, Alfonso, Milk Program, circa 1987, inclusive

Box: 98, DVD: ref1217 (Material Type: Moving Images)

Language of Materials

This video is in Spanish.

Scope and Contents

This video features footage of Peruvian politician Alfonso Barrantes touring a neighborhood in Lima, Peru and speaking to community members about his "Vaso de Leche" (Glass of Milk) program. The footage shows Barrantes speaking with community members and shows children drinking milk that the local government supplies to hungry children in the city. The video then features a teacher from a local school who explains how the program works. Many of the parents and educators featured in brief interviews mention that prior to the program the children in the village had never tasted milk.

Biographical / Historical

Alfonso Barrantes was the mayor of Lima, Peru from 1984-1986.

Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements

Original Format: Umatic. Duration: 00:22:16.

"Cassette #3 Children in Debt", circa 1987, inclusive

Box: 52, Cassette: ref1207 (Material Type: video)

"Colombia in front of Plaza Bolivar, street interview, provivienda", circa 1987, inclusive

Box: 52, Cassette: ref1212 (Material Type: video)

"Colombia Monvita street visuals", circa 1987, inclusive

Box: Shared Tamiment 012, U-matic: ref1215 (Material Type: video)

García, Alan: Speech at Plaza de Armas, circa 1987, inclusive

Box: 98, DVD: ref1203 (Material Type: Moving Images)

Language of Materials

This video is in Spanish.

Scope and Contents

This video features a speech by Peruvian President Alan García delivered at the Plaza de Armas sometime around the year 1987. García calls for unity among Latin American nations to fight against the crisis of foreign debt facing their countries. He criticizes wealthy nations in the north, international banks, creditors, and global financial organizations for taking advantage of Latin America. He argues that economic imperialism has led to Peru's fiscal crisis and has created extreme suffering and poverty in Peru. He contends that the only way to push back against the insurmountable debt payments is through unity among Latin American nations.

Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements

Original Format: Umatic. Duration: 00:21:56.

"Last Chile," "#1 Debt," and "Argentina", circa 1987, inclusive

Box: 98, DVD: ref1219 (Material Type: Moving Images)

Language of Materials

This video is in Spanish.

Scope and Contents

This video begins with footage of a play. At minute 6:20 it changes to still images of a funeral procession. Then at minute 8:45 it changes to footage of on-the-street interviews in Argentina. Estela Bravo asks several individuals about the country's political situation and foreign debt. Several of the interviewees express frustration with the country's politics, arguing that there is high unemployment and little opportunity for the average citizen to create political change. Several individuals discuss the country's foreign debt. They question the government's ability to pay its debt and argue that average communities suffer in poverty in the meantime.

Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements

Original Format: Umatic. Duration: 0:22:08.

Bump: Mexico Visuals from Earthquake and Flower Girl, circa 1987, inclusive

Box: 98, DVD: ref1235 (Material Type: Moving Images)

Language of Materials

This video is in Spanish.

Scope and Contents

The first portion of this video features footage of Mexico City following the 1985 earthquake that damaged large portions of the city. This footage does not contain any audio, but at times audio from unrelated content can be heard in the background. At minute 10:24 the video changes to footage of a young boy and girl who explain that they sell flowers to support their family and pay for school. During a brief interview with Estela Bravo the boy and girl also talk about other children who take drugs, although they say they do not. Bravo then interviews several children on the street who are taking drugs and asks them why they were attracted to drugs.

Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements

Original Format: Umatic. Duration: 00:13:22.

"Muestra de Niños Deudores in escuela cubana" (Piece/sample of Children in Debt in Cuban school), circa 1987, inclusive

Box: 49, Cassette: ref1205 (Material Type: video)

"Niños Escuela Mirando", circa 1987, inclusive

Box: 52, Cassette: ref1201 (Material Type: video)

Peru: Market and Street, circa 1987, inclusive

Box: 98, DVD: ref1225 (Material Type: Moving Images)

Scope and Contents

This video begins with background footage of a city in Peru. It focuses on homelessness and poverty in the city. At minute 11:24 the video changes to a Peruvian television program titled "Peru Imagen," which focuses on Peruvian history, culture, and landscapes.

Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements

Original Format: Umatic. Duration: 00:55:58.

"Provivienda Monjita", circa 1987, inclusive

Box: 49, Cassette: ref1202 (Material Type: video)

Street Interviews: Debt in Argentina, circa 1987, inclusive

Box: 98, DVD: ref1213 (Material Type: Moving Images)

Language of Materials

This video is in Spanish.

Scope and Contents

This video features on-the-street interviews with Argentinians in the mid-1980s discussing the effect of foreign debt on their country. Many talk about the negative consequences of the debt on the country's children, poor, and elderly. Estela Bravo asks many members of the crowd what will happen if Argentina decides not to pay the debt. Many express their concern that the poor will suffer, and others discuss the possibility of Latin American countries collectively deciding not to pay the debt. One member of the crowd suggests that without unity among Latin American nations the decision to not pay would result in economic chaos. Several men in the crowd note that they have been out of work for many years, and others speculate about what will happen in Argentina's future.

Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements

Original Format: Umatic. Duration: 00:20:22.

Street Interviews: Peru / Ugarteche, Óscar: Beginning of Interview, circa 1987, inclusive

Box: 98, DVD: ref1214 (Material Type: Moving Images)

Language of Materials

This video is in Spanish.

Scope and Contents

This video begins with on-the-street interviews with people in Peru discussing the effect of foreign debt on their country. Some individuals suggest that the debt is the fault of the investing class, while others express their concerns about the poor and the lack of investment in schools and social services. Several members of the crowd argue about whether Peru should pay the debt or whether they should attempt to resist foreign investors and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). In another short interview two boys tell the story of a child who was abandoned in a park by his impoverished parents. At minute 14:00 the video changes to an interview with Peruvian economist Óscar Ugarteche. He describes the conditions that led to the debt crisis in Peru and expresses his skepticism about the country's ability to pay the debt.

Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements

Original Format: Umatic. Duration: 00:22:21.

Ugarteche, Óscar: End of Interview / Alan García at the Plaza de Armas, circa 1987, inclusive

Box: 98, DVD: ref1224 (Material Type: Moving Images)

Language of Materials

This video is in Spanish.

Scope and Contents

This video features the end of an interview with Peruvian economist Óscar Ugarteche. He discusses the economic crisis in Peru. In the interview, which was recorded in the mid-1980s, Ugarteche explains that the crisis had been building for over 10 years, and while the government focused on paying its international debt, it was not investing in the economy. He discusses the crisis of poverty, childhood hunger, and unemployment, and discusses economic changes that he thinks the country should take to emerge from the crisis. At minute 9:55 the video changes to a rally for Peruvian politician Alan García. Rally footage is incomplete and only contains short segments of his speech. The end of the video features footage of a concert.

Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements

Original Format: Umatic. Duration: 00:15:34.

Street Visuals, circa 1987, inclusive

Box: 98, DVD: ref1216 (Material Type: Moving Images)

Language of Materials

This video is in Spanish.

Scope and Contents

This video features footage of children and families on the streets and in slums in a city in South America. The country in which the footage was filmed is unclear, but it features children washing car windshields and selling candies on the streets to earn money. It also features footage of families living on the street, children bathing in fountains, and children gathering water in a shanty town outside the city.

Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements

Original Format: Umatic. Duration: 00:22:38.

"Students, Police, Street (CH11)", circa 1984-1986, inclusive

Box: 53, Cassette: ref1241 (Material Type: video)
Box: Shared Tamiment 056, DVD: ref1241 (Material Type: Moving Images)

Language of Materials

This video is in Spanish.

Scope and Contents

This video features street footage and footage from a school in Bogotá, Colombia. It begins with two teachers at a kindergarten discussing the services they provide for poor children in the community. They describe the schools as a consistent source of food for local children. They also discuss high unemployment in the country and child malnutrition. The footage shows the children in the school singing songs and participating in a lesson on the alphabet. The video then changes to street footage of a slum outside of Bogotá where one of the teachers discusses the effects of foreign debt on the economy, the growth of slums, her Christian belief in Liberation Theology, and efforts to improve conditions in poor communities in the city. The video then cuts to footage of a different part of the city showing children selling goods on the street.

Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements

Original Format: Umatic. Duration: 00:22:29.

Peruvian New Reports: Drought, Unemployment, and Child Hunger, circa 1987, inclusive

Box: 98, DVD: ref1221 (Material Type: Moving Images)

Language of Materials

This video is in Spanish.

Scope and Contents

This video features a series of clips from Peruvian news segments. The news segments feature reports on an extreme drought that destroyed crops and livestock in Peruvian agricultural regions, health conditions in poor communities, child hunger, an encampment of protesters seeking government assistance, and interviews with individuals about the state of the Peruvian economy. The footage features a segment titled "Enquesta," in which a reporter asks children what they ate for breakfast, and a number of the children reply that they had no breakfast at all.

Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements

Original Format: Umatic. Duration: 00:22:22.

"With Priest in Poor Neighborhood (Argentina)", circa 1987, inclusive

Box: 98, DVD: ref1204 (Material Type: Moving Images)

Language of Materials

This video is in Spanish.

Scope and Contents

This video features footage of a village in Argentina. It begins with a guide describing the poverty within the community. Estela Bravo then interviews several men on the street who talk about closed factories and unemployment. She tours an area where an irrigation ditch is filled with garbage, and interviews several men who make money collecting and re-selling garbage for parts. She also interviews a young boy selling candy on the street to help feed his family. The guide later explains to Bravo that the community relies on schools as a consistent source of food for children, and blames Argentina's dictatorship for the debt and austerity that has impoverished the community.

Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements

Original Format: Umatic. Duration: 00:20:52.

"With Priest in Poor Neighborhood, Argentina #10", circa 1987, inclusive

Box: 98, DVD: ref1220 (Material Type: Moving Images)

Language of Materials

This video is in Spanish.

Scope and Contents

This videos features footage of a community center in a poor village in Argentina that serves food and provides medical services to children in the community. The footage begins with an interview with the priest who supports the center. He discusses the problem of hunger in the community and explains that they feed 270 children. He explains that many parents are unemployed and cannot provide food for their children. The priest also shows Estela Bravo a baby at the community center, and explains that it is the child of a 13-year-old girl. He explains that young girls seek work as domestic servants, but those jobs were increasingly difficult to obtain and some turned to prostitution. The end of the video features an interview with two doctors at the center. They explain that they treated problems of malnutrition and parasitic infections, which were caused by unsanitary living conditions and lack of clean drinking water.

Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements

Original Format: Umatic. Duration: 00:22:34.

"With Priest in Poor Neighborhood, Argentina #11", circa 1987, inclusive

Box: 98, DVD: ref1218 (Material Type: Moving Images)

Language of Materials

This video is in Spanish.

Scope and Contents

This video features a tour of a poor village in Argentina. It begins with footage of children sharing lunch in a school, and features shots of the streets and people in the village. The footage shows a priest speaking with people in the village, greeting them, and introducing them to Estela Bravo. Bravo asks several men and women about their country's foreign debt, and several speak about the extreme poverty in their community, the lack of jobs, and their dependence on government support. The priest shows Bravo a field fill with garbage and describes how men in the village sort the garbage and sell what they gather for parts. He explains that it is dangerous work, which contributes to many diseases in the community, and that the villagers live among the garbage daily.

Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements

Original Format: Umatic. Duration: 00:21:53.

Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives
Elmer Holmes Bobst Library
70 Washington Square South
2nd Floor
New York, NY 10012