Crown Heights History Project collection
Call Number
Dates
Creator
Extent
Extent
Language of Materials
Abstract
This collection consists of materials collected and created for an oral history project and subsequent exhibitions documenting the different ethnic and religious communities within Crown Heights, particularly the neighborhood's Jewish, Black, and Caribbean residents, and the racial tensions existing between them in the wake of the 1991 riots.
Historical Note
The materials in this collection encompass an oral history project and exhibitions that were part of a joint effort between the Brooklyn Historical Society, the Brooklyn's Children Museum, and the Society for the Preservation of Weeksville and Bedford-Stuyvesant History (now Weeksville Heritage Center) to document the different ethnic and religious communities within Crown Heights. The project focused on the neighborhood's Jewish, Black, and Caribbean residents, and the racial tensions existing between them in the wake of the August 1991 riots that erupted after seven-year-old Guyanese American Gavin Cato was struck and killed by a car in Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson's motorcade and resulted in the murder of Jewish scholar Yankel Rosenbaum and Italian-American Anthony Graziosi. The three organizations collaborated to capture perspectives on the racial unrest and discrimination before and after the riots, and how ethnic and religious communities attempted reconciliation during the years following the violence.
The project, first named "Bridging Eastern Parkway" but renamed "The Crown Heights History Project" (CHHP) in 1993, had two directors: cultural anthropologist Jill Vexler and historian Craig Wilder. The pair, aided by CHHP research assistant and Crown Heights resident Aviva Segall, conducted the majority of the interviews for the oral history portion of the project. The interviewers collected thirty-three oral histories with residents of varying religious and ethnic backgrounds, including members of Chabad Lubavitch, Orthodox and secular Jews, Black Americans, and Caribbean Americans, not only to examine the lead-up to and aftermath of the riots but also to document the lives, religious and cultural practices, and everyday experiences of the neighborhood's diverse population.
After completing the oral history portion of the project, Vexler, Wilder, and CHHP staff began collecting materials and compiling donations for exhibition display. Crown Heights residents donated materials and objects that reflected their unique cultural, religious, and personal experiences, and CHHP collected materials related to the neighborhood, its history, and the recent unrest. CHHP also contracted photographers Rodney Hurley, Miriam Rubinoff, and Chris Maynard to take photos for the exhibitions, and collected photographs from Myrtle Whitmore's collection for display.
The project culminated in three exhibitions, one hosted by each organization: BHS's Crown Heights: Perceptions and Realities, Brooklyn Children's Museum's Crown Heights: The Inside Scoop, and the Society for the Preservation of Weeksville and Bedford-Stuyvesant's Crown Heights: The African Diaspora, all of which opened in spring of 1994.
Sources: Rule, Sheila. "The Voices and Faces of Crown Heights." New York Times (New York, NY), April 15, 1994.
Arrangement
This collection is organized into four series:
Series 1: Oral histories, 1993–1994
Series 2: Donated materials, 1950-1994
Series 3: Collected materials, 1973-1998
Series 4: Photographs, 1970-1994
Further arrangement details are noted at the series and sub-series level.
Scope and Contents
This collection contains oral histories, print materials, and photographs collected and donated for exhibitions documenting the ethnic and religious communities of Brooklyn's Crown Heights neighborhood in the years following the Crown Heights Riots in August 1991.
Project staff conducted thirty-three oral history interviews, originally recorded on portable cassette tapes, to document the experiences of Jewish, Black, and Caribbean residents of Crown Heights. These oral histories contain descriptions of family and heritage; immigration and relocation; cultural and racial relations; occupations and professions; education and religion; housing and gentrification; civil unrest and reconciliation; media representation and portrayal; and community activism.
Materials donated to and collected by CHHP staff include flyers, brochures, and posters for cultural, religious, and community organizations; West Indian American Day Carnival ephemera; religious literature; personal letters; invitations; business cards; advertisements; and a substantial number of newspaper clippings and magazines.
The CHHP hired photographers to document the cultural and religious lives of Crown Heights residents. The collection's photographic materials include 252 prints, 324 photographic negatives, 80 35mm slides, and 66 photographic contact sheets. Subjects include church and synagogue services, storefronts and homes in Crown Heights, Chabad Lubavitch gatherings, religious holidays, familial gatherings, and neighborhood residents.
Subjects
Organizations
Genres
Topics
Conditions Governing Access
Open to researchers with varied restrictions according to narrator agreement. Oral histories can be accessed onsite at the Center for Brooklyn History's Othmer Library and online on CBH's Oral History Portal. Administrative materials are open to researchers upon request and are accessible onsite at the Othmer Library. Original transcripts and analog interview A/V materials are not available for research.
Other collection materials are open to users without restriction onsite at the Othmer Library.
Conditions Governing Use
Use of the oral histories other than for private study, scholarship, or research requires the permission of the Center for Brooklyn History. For assistance, please consult library staff at cbhreference@bklynlibrary.org.
While many items at the Center for Brooklyn History are unrestricted, we do not own reproduction rights to all materials. Be aware of the several kinds of rights that might apply: copyright, licensing, and trademarks. The researcher assumes all responsibility for copyright questions.
Preferred Citation
Collection citation:
Identification of item, date (if known); Crown Heights History Project collection, 1994.006, [Box and Folder number]; Brooklyn Public Library, Center for Brooklyn History.
Oral history citation:
[Narrator Last Name, First name], Oral history interview conducted by [Interviewer First name Last name], Interview Date [Month day, YYYY], Crown Heights History Project collection, 1994.006 [Object ID]; Brooklyn Public Library, Center for Brooklyn History.
Immediate Source of Acquisition
Recordings and transcripts were collected through the Crown Heights History Project, a collaboration among the Brooklyn Historical Society, the Brooklyn Children's Museum, and the Society for the Preservation of Weeksville and Bedford Stuyvesant History (now Weeksville Heritage Center). The curator and one of the project's directors, Jill Vexler, retained the project records. Brooklyn Historical Society acquired the collection from Vexler in 2012.
About this Guide
Processing Information
Recordings and transcripts were digitized by the Brooklyn Historical Society in 2015. Due to privacy concerns, the processing archivists redacted specific dates of birth of all narrators or other named individuals from the digitized transcripts and audio recordings. The Crown Heights History Project oral histories were processed by Brett Dion, Nilaja Troy, Joe Teutonico, and Harunobu Coryne. Olivia Mastrosimone, Project Archivist, processed the remaining collection materials and reprocessed the oral histories in 2026.
Folder titles in brackets were provided by Olivia Mastrosimone. The archivist moved administrative materials and photo duplicates from this collection to Brooklyn Historical Society institutional records (ARC.288), and discarded additional digital copies of oral history interviews and transcripts.
Sponsor Note
Repository
Series 1: Oral histories, 1993–1994, inclusive
Language of Materials
Scope and Contents
Series 1: Oral histories contains oral history interviews on original and duplicate audio cassettes, along with interview transcripts. Some of the interviewees also donated materials for the exhibition. These materials are described in Series 2: Donated Materials, 1950–1994, of this finding aid.
Conditions Governing Access
Open to researchers with varied restrictions according to narrator agreement. Oral histories can be accessed onsite at the Center for Brooklyn History's Othmer Library and online on CBH's Oral History Portal. Administrative materials are open to researchers upon request and are accessible onsite at the Othmer Library. Original transcripts and analog interview A/V materials are not available for research.
Oral History Note
Oral history interviews are intimate conversations between two people, both of whom have generously agreed to share these recordings with the Center for Brooklyn History archives and with researchers. Please listen in the spirit with which these were shared. Researchers will understand that:
1. The Center for Brooklyn History abides by the General Principles & Best Practices for Oral History as agreed upon by the Oral History Association (2009) and expects that use of this material will be done with respect for these professional ethics.
2. Every oral history relies on the memories, views, and opinions of the narrator. Because of the personal nature of oral history, listeners may find some viewpoints or language of the recorded participants to be objectionable. In keeping with its mission of preservation and unfettered access whenever possible, CBH presents these views as recorded.
3. Transcripts created prior to 2008 serve as a guide to the interview and are not considered verbatim. The audio recording should be considered the primary source for each interview. It may contain natural false starts, verbal stumbles, misspeaks, repetitions that are common in conversation, and other passages and phrases omitted from the transcript. This decision was made because CBH gives primacy to the audible voice and also because some researchers do find useful information in these verbal patterns.
4. Unless these verbal patterns are germane to your scholarly work, when quoting from this material, researchers are encouraged to correct the grammar and make other modifications, maintaining the flavor of the narrator's speech while editing the material for the standards of print.
Existence and Location of Copies
The transcripts and most of the interviews are available online on the Oral History Portal.
Conditions Governing Use
Use of the oral histories other than for private study, scholarship, or research requires the permission of CBH. For assistance, contact digitalcollections@bklynlibrary.org.
Asramon, Afealliah, August 22 1993
Language of Materials
Conditions Governing Access and Use
Access to this oral history is restricted by the donor. Please contact CBHReference@bklynlibrary.org with further questions.
Subjects
People
Places
Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements
One original audiocassette. One duplicate audiocassette.
One interview transcript.
Bernard, A.R., Reverend Dr., August 12 1993
Language of Materials
Scope and Contents
In the interview, Dr. Rev. A.R. Bernard discusses his childhood in Brooklyn, his experience with the Civil Rights Movement and the Nation of Islam, and his reasons for converting to Christianity. He remembers racial conflicts, violence, and the institutional segregation of the 1950s and 1960s. He reflects on the Black awareness that the Black Panthers and the Nation of Islam provided in the community during this period and relates this to his conversion experience. The interview concludes with a focus on the mission, makeup, and contributions of the Christian Life Center. He shares his views on what he sees as a breakdown of family and community, offering solutions aligned with the church's focus. He responds to questions concerning the riot of 1991 in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn. Interview conducted by Craig Wilder.
Biographical Note
Rev. Dr. A.R. Bernard was born in Panama City, Panama, in 1953. At the age of four, he and his mother, Adelina Fleming, an Olympic track star, immigrated to the United States. Rev. Bernard grew up in the Bedford-Stuyvesant and Bushwick neighborhoods of Brooklyn, where he attended public schools. He was bused to Ridgewood, Queens, in the 1960s to attend junior high and high school. Impacted by the racism and segregation he experienced, Rev. Dr. Bernard became interested in the Black Panthers and a follower of the Nation of Islam. On January 11, 1975, he became a Christian. At the time of the 1993 interview, he was ministering to 625 families in the Brooklyn neighborhood of Crown Heights. Focused on a conservative, family-centered, practical faith, Rev. Dr. Bernard is, as of 2026, the senior pastor of the Christian Cultural Center located at 1400 Linden Boulevard, Brooklyn, New York.
Conditions Governing Access and Use
Access to this recording is restricted by the donor. Please contact CBHReference@bklynlibrary.org with further questions.
Subjects
Organizations
People
Topics
Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements
One original audio cassette. One duplicate audio cassette.
One access .mp3 file.
One interview transcript.
Burston, Chaim, August 23 1993
Language of Materials
Scope and Contents
Burston recounts his youth, his travels to Israel, and his rediscovery of his religion. He also discusses meeting his wife, what it's like raising a large family in New York City, and touches on relations with his Afro-Caribbean neighbors in the aftermath of the 1991 riot in the Brooklyn neighborhood of Crown Heights. The interview ends with Burston playing his synthesizer keyboard. Interview conducted by Jill Vexler.
Biographical Note
Chaim Burston was born to Jewish-American parents in Pasadena, California. After enrolling at Tel Aviv University, Chaim traveled to Israel. After joining a Lubavitch Hasidic community as a baal teshuvah (a Jew returning to Orthodoxy), Burston returned to the United States to continue his studies in New York. It was in the Lubavitch community of Crown Heights, Brooklyn, where he met his wife Chana. The young couple married, purchased a home—and with Chaim becoming an elementary school teacher along the way—had eight children together. A musician, Burston had taken to playing melodies intended to accompany prayers.
Conditions Governing Access and Use
Original transcripts and analog interview A/V materials are not available for research. Access to the interview is available onsite at the Center for Brooklyn History's Othmer Library and online on CBH's Oral History Portal. Use of the oral histories other than for private study, scholarship, or research requires the permission of CBH. For assistance, contact digitalcollections@bklynlibrary.org.
Subjects
Organizations
People
Topics
Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements
One original audio cassette. One duplicate audio cassette.
One access .mp3 file.
One interview transcript.
Externally hosted content
https://oralhistory.brooklynhistory.org/interviews/burston-chaim-19930823/
Cattan, Rachel Lea, August 15 1993
Language of Materials
Scope and Contents
In the interview, Cattan discusses her childhood, immigration to the United States, her transition to an observant Jewish lifestyle, her divorce, and the racial tensions of the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn. Interview conducted by Aviva Segall.
Biographical Note
Rachel Lea Cattan, a Jewish resident of Crown Heights, was born to Polish parents in Novosibirsk, Siberia, in the former Soviet Union. At the age of eleven, her parents moved the family to Lodz, Poland, and a year later to Braslav. Then, at age thirteen, the family immigrated to the United States, settling in the East New York neighborhood of Brooklyn. Cattan attended New York public schools, including the Music and Art High School (now Fiorella H. LaGuardia High School). She completed her undergraduate degree in painting at the Pratt Institute. At the time of the 1993 interview, she was a public school teacher in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn and a divorced mother of four.
Conditions Governing Access and Use
This interview is restricted. Please contact CBHReference@bklynlibrary.org with further questions.
Subjects
Topics
Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements
Two original audio cassettes. Two duplicate audio cassettes.
One access .mp3 file.
Crawford, Avroham (Avrohom), August 24 1993
Language of Materials
Scope and Contents
Avroham Crawford, in his late 40s, narrates his Irish Catholic upbringing, his early encounters with Jewish people, and his conversion to Orthodox Judaism. He describes how the Lubavitch community in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn has changed and grown in the years since he first moved there in 1970. He reflects on the religious community's acceptance of him as a Christian convert, on how his children have grown up Lubavitch, and on secular Jews who take up Orthodox practice as adults (known as baal teshuvah). When asked, he explains the extent of his interaction with the Black residents of Crown Heights. At various points throughout the interview, he dwells on religious subjects: how boys and girls are educated, how Judaism differs from Christianity, and how conversion for marriage differs from conversion for faith alone. Interview conducted by Jill Vexler.
Biographical Note
Avroham Crawford grew up in the Sunset Park neighborhood of Brooklyn, the son of Irish-Catholic immigrants from Newfoundland. He was raised in the church, but considered converting to Judaism while studying for his bachelor's degree in philosophy at NYU, where he worked as a librarian at the time of this interview. He moved to the Brooklyn neighborhood of Crown Heights in 1970 and, shortly afterward, converted to Orthodox Judaism with assistance from Rabbi Yisroel Jacobson. He chose the Jewish name "Avroham" at this time. In 1975, he married Suri Perlman, and they had three children: Nechama, Yitzhak, and Yisroel. He died in 2011.
Conditions Governing Access and Use
Original transcripts and analog interview A/V materials are not available for research. Access to the interview is available onsite at the Center for Brooklyn History's Othmer Library and online on CBH's Oral History Portal. Use of the oral histories other than for private study, scholarship, or research requires the permission of CBH. For assistance, contact digitalcollections@bklynlibrary.org.
Subjects
Organizations
People
Topics
Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements
Two original audio cassettes. Two duplicate audio cassettes.
One access .mp3 file.
One interview transcript.
Externally hosted content
https://oralhistory.brooklynhistory.org/interviews/crawford-avroham-19930824/
Crawford, Nechama, Yisroel Crawford and Suri Crawford, August 25 1993
Language of Materials
Scope and Contents
Nechama and Yisroel—respectively in twelfth and sixth grade at the time of the interview—talk about their experience growing up in the Lubavitch community of the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn. They describe the various forms of religious education and practice within Hasidic Judaism, as well as the expectations and roles laid out for young girls and boys. Nechama reflects on her community's relationship with the "outside," especially the Black residents of Crown Heights and the non-Jewish residents of the rest of New York City. Suri, their mother, talks about her children's education, the role of women in her religion, the cost of living in Brooklyn, and her Modern Orthodox upbringing. Interview conducted by Jill Vexler.
Biographical Note
Nechama Crawford was raised in the Brooklyn neighborhood of Crown Heights. She attended a private Lubavitch school, Bais Rivkah, from kindergarten through twelfth grade. At her Bat Mitzvah, she read from the Genesis chapter Chayei Sarah, or "The Life of Sarah." Her younger brother, Yisroel, attended Oholei Torah—a Lubavitch school that focuses on religious education and teaches exclusively in Hebrew and Yiddish—before switching to Lubavitch Yeshiva. Their mother, Suri, grew up in Holyoke, Massachusetts, and had a Modern Orthodox upbringing among her Litvish (Latvian Jewish) family.
Conditions Governing Access and Use
Access to this recording is restricted by the donor. Please contact CBHReference@bklynlibrary.org with further questions.
Subjects
Organizations
Topics
Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements
One original audio cassette. One duplicate audio cassette.
One access .mp3 file.
One interview transcript.
De Shong, Roxanne, August 29 1993
Language of Materials
Scope and Contents
In the interview, De Shong discusses the cultural differences between Caribbean- and American-born people, the stereotypes associated with West Indians and Jamaicans, and the changes in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn from when she arrived in the 1970s to the time of the interview in 1993. She specifically notes the presence of crime, violence, and drugs. The two also discussed misperceptions between the Lubavitch and Black residents, and what she perceives to be inequities in housing and safety, as well as the struggle to live in Crown Heights and her son's relationship with Gavin Cato. Interview conducted by Craig Wilder.
Biographical Note
Roxanne De Shong was born in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. She immigrated to Brooklyn in the 1970s with her parents and settled on Crown Street in the Crown Heights neighborhood. Her father sold life insurance and her mother worked near the family home at Woolworth's. She went to a public school in the East New York neighborhood of Brooklyn for one year, then to Holy Spirit Catholic School for grades two to eight. She attended Clara Barton High School and then Hostoff's in The Bronx. De Shong studied to become a Dental Assistant in high school and worked at several offices in New York City. De Shong has children, including one son whose father was shot and killed in a drug-related incident in the Harlem neighborhood of Manhattan, which she mentioned in her interview.
Conditions Governing Access and Use
Original transcripts and analog interview A/V materials are not available for research. Access to the interview is available onsite at the Center for Brooklyn History's Othmer Library and online on CBH's Oral History Portal. Use of the oral histories other than for private study, scholarship, or research requires the permission of CBH. For assistance, contact digitalcollections@bklynlibrary.org.
Subjects
Organizations
People
Topics
Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements
One original audio cassette. One duplicate audio cassette.
One access .mp3 file.
One interview transcript.
Externally hosted content
https://oralhistory.brooklynhistory.org/interviews/de-shong-roxanne-19930829-2/
Goldman, Esther, August 16 1993
Language of Materials
Scope and Contents
Esther Goldman discusses her upbringing in Poland, East New York, and on Eastern Parkway in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn. She recalls the growing Lubavitch movement of the mid- to late twentieth century, and traces her own life's journey through discussions on faith, family, neighbors, white flight, and historic events. She ends with a discussion about the 1991 Crown Heights riot and its aftermath. Interview conducted by Aviva Segall.
Biographical Note
Esther Goldman was born in Poland in 1926. An observant Jew from birth, she came to New York with her mother and siblings in 1934, joining her father, who had arrived two years earlier. After living in the East New York neighborhood of Brooklyn for several years, Goldman's family moved to Eastern Parkway in the Crown Heights neighborhood in 1941. After marrying and briefly living in Philadelphia, Goldman returned to Crown Heights with her husband, and they had four children together. With Goldman's children grown and out of the house, she began working for a company on Broadway and Spring Street in Manhattan.
Conditions Governing Access and Use
Original transcripts and analog interview A/V materials are not available for research. Access to the interview is available onsite at the Center for Brooklyn History's Othmer Library and online on CBH's Oral History Portal. Use of the oral histories other than for private study, scholarship, or research requires the permission of CBH. For assistance, contact digitalcollections@bklynlibrary.org.
Subjects
Organizations
Topics
Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements
One original audio cassette. One duplicate audio cassette.
One access .mp3 file.
One interview transcript.
Externally hosted content
https://oralhistory.brooklynhistory.org/interviews/goldman-esther-19930816/
Haynes, Joseph Harold, August 31 1993
Language of Materials
Scope and Contents
In the interview, Haynes discusses growing up in central Brooklyn during the 1940s and '50s, the importance of family, racial segregation, his passion for aviation, the Muse Community Museum, the founding of the Society for the Preservation of Weeksville, the 1991 riot in the Brooklyn neighborhood of Crown Heights, and the future of race relations. Interview conducted by Craig Wilder.
Biographical Note
Joseph Harold Haynes grew up in the Bedford-Stuyvesant and Crown Heights neighborhoods of Brooklyn. He attended Haaren High School for aviation studies and received a degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Missouri. Haynes was employed as a mechanical engineer for the New York City Transit Authority and as an accident investigator for the National Transportation Safety Board. He was a licensed commercial pilot and flight instructor. A contributor to the now-defunct New Museum Community Museum, Haynes was a founding member of the Society for the Preservation of Weeksville. Haynes was in his 60s at the time of his interview. He died March 2, 1997.
Conditions Governing Access and Use
Original transcripts and analog interview A/V materials are not available for research. Access to the interview is available onsite at the Center for Brooklyn History's Othmer Library and online on CBH's Oral History Portal. Use of the oral histories other than for private study, scholarship, or research requires the permission of CBH. For assistance, contact digitalcollections@bklynlibrary.org.
Subjects
Topics
Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements
One original audio cassette. One duplicate audio cassette.
One access .mp3 file.
One interview transcript.
Externally hosted content
https://oralhistory.brooklynhistory.org/interviews/haynes-joseph-harold-19930831/
Ince, Iyedun, August 15 1993
Language of Materials
Scope and Contents
The narrator discusses his childhood in the Brooklyn neighborhood of Crown Heights, his disillusionment in high school, and the decline of the youth culture in Crown Heights. He describes his own struggle to define himself and free himself from the pressures of his generation. He discusses possible approaches to changing the neighborhood's social environment and concludes the interview with advice for the youth of Crown Heights. Interview conducted by Craig Wilder.
Biographical Note
At the time of the 1993 interview, Iyedun Ince, an African-American resident of Crown Heights, was twenty years old. Born in Harlem, New York, he and his brother Ojo Ashegun were raised by a single mother in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn. He attended parochial and public schools in the area and graduated from Brooklyn Technical High School. As of 2016, Iyedun is a djembe musician and teacher in New York City.
Conditions Governing Access and Use
Original transcripts and analog interview A/V materials are not available for research. Access to the interview is available onsite at the Center for Brooklyn History's Othmer Library and online on CBH's Oral History Portal. Use of the oral histories other than for private study, scholarship, or research requires the permission of CBH. For assistance, contact digitalcollections@bklynlibrary.org.
Subjects
People
Topics
Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements
One original audio cassette. One duplicate audio cassette.
One access .mp3 file.
One interview transcript.
Externally hosted content
https://oralhistory.brooklynhistory.org/interviews/ince-iyedun-19930815/
Jacobson, Simon, August 19 1993
Language of Materials
Scope and Contents
Rabbi Simon Jacobson narrates his childhood in Crown Heights during the 1950s and '60s, recounting how the ethnic and religious composition of the Brooklyn neighborhood (including among different Hasidic movements) has changed throughout his lifetime. He explains the religious reasons why the Lubavitch have stayed in Crown Heights when other Jewish groups have left, and he addresses various subjects related to home-ownership, including the role played by the Crown Heights Jewish Community Council and the perception that the Lubavitch want to drive Black and Caribbean residents out of the neighborhood. He describes the Lubavitch community's relationship with non-Jews and non-practicing Jews, dwelling on the concept of "chosenness." He and the interviewer discuss possible venues for outreach and cultural "translation," especially of Jewish holidays and the concept of Moshiach (or messiah). Interview conducted by Jill Vexler.
Biographical Note
Rabbi Simon Jacobson was born in the Brooklyn neighborhood of Crown Heights in 1956. Observant from birth, he attended Lubavitch Yeshiva and lived on St. Marks Avenue before moving to Sullivan Place. His father was Gershon Jacobson, founder and publisher of the Yiddish-language Hasidic newspaper Der Algemeiner. For several years, Jacobson worked as the editor and translator of speeches by the Lubavitch Rebbe, Menachem Schneerson. Later, he became the director of Vaad Hanochos Hatmimim, a foundation that promotes Schneerson's teachings. A noted teacher in the community, he founded a Lubavitch organization for outreach and education called the Meaningful Life Center, based on Eastern Parkway.
Conditions Governing Access and Use
Original transcripts and analog interview A/V materials are not available for research. Access to the interview is available onsite at the Center for Brooklyn History's Othmer Library and online on CBH's Oral History Portal. Use of the oral histories other than for private study, scholarship, or research requires the permission of CBH. For assistance, contact digitalcollections@bklynlibrary.org.
Subjects
Organizations
People
Topics
Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements
One original audio cassette. One duplicate audio cassette.
One access .mp3 file.
One interview transcript.
Externally hosted content
https://oralhistory.brooklynhistory.org/interviews/jacobson-simon-19930819/
Kamman, Baila, October 17 1993
Language of Materials
Scope and Contents
Kamman, in her 40s, discusses her secular upbringing in a Bronx neighborhood filled with both Reform and Orthodox Jews, her college years in Queens, and her life as a young public elementary school teacher during the 1970s. She recounts the experience of being in Israel during the 1973 Arab-Israeli War and the steps leading up to her eventual entry into the world of Lubavitch Hasidism, as well as how this new conservative lifestyle contradicted many of her personal values. Kamman also details the courtship that led to her marriage, remembers escalating racial tensions leading up to the Crown Heights neighborhood riot of 1991, and explains how her father's death inspired her to attain a law degree while raising five children. Interview conducted by Aviva Segall.
Biographical Note
Baila Kamman was born in the Bronx, New York, to middle-class, secular Jewish parents. While on a summer vacation during her stint as a New York City public school teacher, she was traveling in Israel during the 1973 Arab-Israeli War. Kamman explains that the experience left her with a renewed interest in her religion. Opting to relocate to the Brooklyn neighborhood of Crown Heights with a group of women seeking an Orthodox Jewish lifestyle, Kamman and her friends faced a steep learning curve as they tried to navigate the traditions and mores of their new community. She married and completed a law degree while raising five children. After briefly relocating to Rockland County, New York, in the late 1980s, Kamman and her husband were once again residing in Crown Heights in 1993.
Conditions Governing Access and Use
Original transcripts and analog interview A/V materials are not available for research. Access to the interview is available onsite at the Center for Brooklyn History's Othmer Library and online on CBH's Oral History Portal. Use of the oral histories other than for private study, scholarship, or research requires the permission of CBH. For assistance, contact digitalcollections@bklynlibrary.org.
Subjects
Organizations
Topics
Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements
Two original audio cassettes. Two duplicate audio cassettes.
One access .mp3 file.
One interview transcript.
Externally hosted content
https://oralhistory.brooklynhistory.org/interviews/kamman-baila-19931017/
Kleinman, Zalman, July 21 1993
Language of Materials
Scope and Contents
In the interview, the narrator discusses his childhood in the Soviet Union, his adoption, life after World War II, immigrating to Paris, Israel, and New York, meeting his wife, family life in the Brooklyn neighborhood of Crown Heights, being an artist in a religious community, and the making of a what he regards as a good family. Interview conducted by Jill Vexler.
Biographical Note
Zalman Kleinman was born in 1933 in Leningrad, the former Soviet Union, to a Lubavitch family. After the death of his parents, he and his sister were sent to Siberia, where a rabbi adopted him. For a time he lived amongst the Bukharian Jews in Samarkand. Kleinman immigrated to Paris, where he studied at an underground Lubavitch yeshiva. From Paris, he traveled to Israel, where he began painting. He returned to Paris, where he met and married his wife Rosa. In 1958, they immigrated to New York City and to the Brooklyn neighborhood of Crown Heights. Kleinman was an illustrator and artist known for painting Hasidic life. He died in 1995.
Conditions Governing Access and Use
Original transcripts and analog interview A/V materials are not available for research. Access to the interview is available onsite at the Center for Brooklyn History's Othmer Library and online on CBH's Oral History Portal. Use of the oral histories other than for private study, scholarship, or research requires the permission of CBH. For assistance, contact digitalcollections@bklynlibrary.org.
Subjects
Organizations
People
Topics
Places
Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements
One original audio cassette. One duplicate audio cassette.
One access .mp3 file.
Externally hosted content
https://oralhistory.brooklynhistory.org/interviews/zalman-kleinman-19930721/
Kosher Cookbook Committee, 1993
Language of Materials
Biographical Note
Esther Blau, in her forties with twelve children, was born into a Lubavitch family in the Midwest and moved to the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn when she married. She gathered colleagues of the Cookbook Committee to discuss many aspects of life in Crown Heights.
Conditions Governing Access and Use
Access to this recording is restricted by the donor. Please contact CBHReference@bklynlibrary.org with further questions.
Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements
Two original audio cassettes. Two duplicate audio cassettes.
One interview transcript.
Lezama, Carlos, May 13 1993
Language of Materials
Scope and Contents
Lezama spends much of his narration recounting the many years he has lived in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn. He describes his life in Venezuela as a young man, his experience of moving to New York on his own, and the steps he took toward settlement and eventual homeownership. He relates the personal facts of his life to the observations he has made about Caribbean immigrants in general, and he compares the openness of the present-day West Indian community to the more isolated environment that he encountered when he first arrived in the 1950s. In particular, he describes an improvement in relations between West Indian immigrants and American-born Black people (an increasing number of whom, he notes, are from the southern United States). He tells the history of the Labor Day Carnival (or West Indian Day Parade), which he had been leading for twenty-six years. He notes that the parade has long been a source of tension and debate with the Hasidic Jews of Eastern Parkway, and he ascribes the 1991 unrest that erupted around the deaths of Gavin Cato and Yankel Rosenbaum, in part, to this tension. Interview conducted by Craig Wilder.
Biographical Note
Carlos Lezama was born in 1923 in Coro, Venezuela. He grew up in Trinidad but later returned to Venezuela, where he was an auto worker for General Motors and Chrysler, as well as a mechanic in Caracas specializing in dental machinery. After that, he departed for a job as a merchant mariner. It was during his travels as a seaman that he first visited the United States and eventually resolved to move to New York City, which he did, alone, in 1954. He had lived in Manhattan for about two years when he moved to Crown Heights after noticing the greater movement of Caribbean people into the neighborhood. Soon after his move, his wife and children joined him. They were all congregants at Saint Gregory Catholic Church. He continued to work as a mechanic, taking vocational courses to supplement his training, and bought a home on St. Johns Place. During this time, he became a prominent figure in the cultural life of the West Indian residents of Crown Heights.
Along with Rufus (Lionel) Gorin, he was a key organizer of the first Carnival parade on Eastern Parkway, now commonly known as the West Indian American Day Parade, in 1969. When Gorin died, Lezama was elected the first president of the West Indian American Day Carnival Association (WIADCA), a position he held until his retirement in 2002. He died in 2007.
Conditions Governing Access and Use
Original transcripts and analog interview A/V materials are not available for research. Access to the interview is available onsite at the Center for Brooklyn History's Othmer Library and online on CBH's Oral History Portal. Use of the oral histories other than for private study, scholarship, or research requires the permission of CBH. For assistance, contact digitalcollections@bklynlibrary.org.
Subjects
Organizations
People
Topics
Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements
One original audio cassette. One duplicate audio cassette.
One access .mp3 file.
One interview transcript.
Externally hosted content
https://oralhistory.brooklynhistory.org/interviews/lezama-carlos-19930513/
Lubavitch Child Rearing Discussion, December 15 1993
Language of Materials
Conditions Governing Access and Use
Access to this recording is restricted by the donor. Please contact CBHReference@bklynlibrary.org with further questions.
Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements
Two original audio cassettes. Two duplicate audio cassettes.
One interview transcript.
Meshchaninov, Bracha, June 14 1993
Language of Materials
Scope and Contents
In the interview, Bracha Meshchaninov discusses her childhood and family in Johannesburg, South Africa, her religious education in Israel, being a baal teshuvah (a Jew converted to Orthodoxy), her courtship and marriage to a Russian baal teshuvah, navigating a newly religious identity, the physical decline of the Rebbe and the spiritual ramifications within Lubavitch Hasidim, and moving from the Brooklyn neighborhood of Crown Heights. Interview conducted by Jill Vexler.
Biographical Note
Bracha Meshchaninov was born in Johannesburg, South Africa. At fourteen, she began seeking a deeper connection to her Jewish faith and, at eighteen, traveled to Jerusalem to attend Neve Yerushalayim, an all-girls religious school. After graduating from the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg with degrees in English, guidance counseling, and education, she returned to Israel. At twenty-two, Bracha traveled to the United States, where she studied with Lubavitch Hasidim. She soon dedicated herself to Yiddishkeit (a Yiddish word meaning "Jewishness") and married her husband Ilya. At the time of the 1993 interview, she was in her thirties and a photographer living in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn. She now lives in Rockland County, New York, where she is an educator and Yoga teacher.
Conditions Governing Access and Use
Original transcripts and analog interview A/V materials are not available for research. Access to the interview is available onsite at the Center for Brooklyn History's Othmer Library and online on CBH's Oral History Portal. Use of the oral histories other than for private study, scholarship, or research requires the permission of CBH. For assistance, contact digitalcollections@bklynlibrary.org.
Subjects
Organizations
Topics
Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements
One original audio cassette. One duplicate audio cassette.
One access .mp3 file.
Externally hosted content
https://oralhistory.brooklynhistory.org/interviews/meshchaninov-bracha-19930614/
Meshchaninov, Moshe, August 18 1993
Language of Materials
Scope and Contents
In the interview, Meshchaninov discusses life as a Jew in Russia, his conversion to Orthodoxy, the family's immigration to the United States, and the Hasidic community. He suggests resolutions to the tensions in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn. Interview conducted by Aviva Segall.
Biographical Note
Moshe Meshchaninov was born in Leningrad in the former Soviet Union in 1954. As a young engineer, Moshe was influenced by his younger brother and began exploring religious Judaism. This led to the family immigrating to the United States in the early 1980s, where he discovered the Brooklyn neighborhood of Crown Heights and the Lubavitch community. He met and married his wife, Yuhudis Chana, also a baal teshuvah (a Jew who has returned to Orthodoxy). In 2015, Meshchaninov was a resident of the Lubavitch community of Monsey, New York, and the principal of a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning corporation.
Conditions Governing Access and Use
Original transcripts and analog interview A/V materials are not available for research. Access to the interview is available onsite at the Center for Brooklyn History's Othmer Library and online on CBH's Oral History Portal. Use of the oral histories other than for private study, scholarship, or research requires the permission of CBH. For assistance, contact digitalcollections@bklynlibrary.org.
Subjects
Organizations
People
Topics
Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements
One original audio cassette. One duplicate audio cassette.
One access .mp3 file.
One interview transcript.
Externally hosted content
https://oralhistory.brooklynhistory.org/interviews/meshchaninov-moshe-19930818/
Milfort, Fritznel, August 17 1993
Language of Materials
Scope and Contents
In his interview, Milfort discusses his immigration and his accomplishments in education and business. He also suggests ways the Caribbean and Black communities in Crown Heights can support each other. Interview conducted by Craig Wilder.
Biographical Note
Fritznel Milfort was born and raised in Haiti. In 1972, he immigrated to the United States, where he was reunited with his mother and sister. He attended Thomas Jefferson High School in Brooklyn, New York. Milfort completed an undergraduate degree in accounting and a master's degree at Long Island University. He is a licensed Certified Public Accountant who has worked for the Internal Revenue Service, the Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority, Mitchell/Titus and Oppenheimer, and Appel and Dixon. At the time of the interview in 1993, Milfort ran several businesses in the Church Avenue area of the Brooklyn neighborhood of Flatbush. For most of his time in the United States, he has lived in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn. As of 2026, he operates his own accounting firm in Crown Heights.
Conditions Governing Access and Use
Original transcripts and analog interview A/V materials are not available for research. Access to the interview is available onsite at the Center for Brooklyn History's Othmer Library and online on CBH's Oral History Portal. Use of the oral histories other than for private study, scholarship, or research requires the permission of CBH. For assistance, contact digitalcollections@bklynlibrary.org.
Subjects
Organizations
People
Topics
Places
Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements
One original audio cassette. One duplicate audio cassette.
One access .mp3 file.
One interview transcript.
Externally hosted content
https://oralhistory.brooklynhistory.org/interviews/milfort-fritznel-19930817/
Morris, Evelyn, July 30 1993
Language of Materials
Scope and Contents
Morris discusses the racial, religious, and cultural tensions existing in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn as a Black woman living in the area. The core of the interview is a reflection on the cause of the racial tensions between Black and Jewish residents in the neighborhood and her experience of the Crown Heights riot. Interview conducted by Craig Wilder.
Biographical Note
Evelyn Morris, a Black resident of Crown Heights, was born in Blackville, South Carolina, in 1935. At the age of eleven, she moved to New York City with her sister to reunite with her mother. She spent the remainder of her childhood in the Bedford-Stuyvesant neighborhood of Brooklyn. In 1972, she moved with her six children to the Brooklyn neighborhood of Crown Heights. At the time of the 1993 interview, Morris was working in a school cafeteria and still living in the same apartment. A number of her children and grandchildren live nearby. She was also employed as a food supervisor for the New York City Board of Education.
Conditions Governing Access and Use
One original audio cassette. One duplicate audio cassette.
One access .mp3 file.
One interview transcript.
Conditions Governing Access
Original transcripts and analog interview A/V materials are not available for research. Access to the interview is available onsite at the Center for Brooklyn History's Othmer Library and online on CBH's Oral History Portal. Use of the oral histories other than for private study, scholarship, or research requires the permission of CBH. For assistance, contact digitalcollections@bklynlibrary.org.
Subjects
People
Topics
Externally hosted content
https://oralhistory.brooklynhistory.org/interviews/morris-evelyn-19930730/
Neil, Clive, Rev. Dr., July 29 1993
Language of Materials
Scope and Contents
Rev. Dr. Clive E. Neil discusses the misperceptions and strengths of Jamaicans and Jamaican Americans. He recalls the hardship of leaving family and country, his time in higher education, and inner-city volunteer work. He describes the ethnic makeup of his congregation on the border of the Crown Heights and Bedford-Stuyvesant neighborhoods of Brooklyn and how the diversity of these neighborhoods is both a tool for education and something to celebrate. Neil points out family and community causes he actively supports, such as a Men's Ministry at his church and the Nehemiah Homes effort. He also describes the transformation of the area's Black churches brought on by the influx of young ministers. He shares his views on the community turmoil and violence related to the deaths of Gavin Cato and Yankel Rosenbaum, the reaction of the local clergy, and what he feels to be unfair media coverage on the matter. Interview conducted by Craig Wilder.
Biographical Note
Born in Mandeville, Jamaica, in 1959, Rev. Dr. Clive E. Neil came to the United States on a soccer scholarship. He was an honors student at Eastern University and a fellow at Princeton University. He has a master's degree in Divinity and a doctorate in Counseling from Drew University. He was ordained and served as minister at Tremont Presbyterian Church in the Bronx from 1985 to 1988. His pastorship at Bedford-Central Presbyterian Church began in 1988. He has written three books, taught and lectured at area colleges, and enrolled as a Ministry Leadership Network scholar. Rev. Dr. Neil has two children. As of 2026, Rev. Dr. Neil is the Senior Pastor at the Bedford Central Presbyterian Church.
Conditions Governing Access and Use
Original transcripts and analog interview A/V materials are not available for research. Access to the interview is available onsite at the Center for Brooklyn History's Othmer Library and online on CBH's Oral History Portal. Use of the oral histories other than for private study, scholarship, or research requires the permission of CBH. For assistance, contact digitalcollections@bklynlibrary.org.
Subjects
Organizations
People
Topics
Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements
One original audio cassette. One duplicate audio cassette.
One access .mp3 file.
One interview transcript.
Externally hosted content
https://oralhistory.brooklynhistory.org/interviews/neil-clive-19930729/
Oka, Basha, August 11 1993
Language of Materials
Scope and Contents
In the interview, Oka describes her spiritual awakening, explains her understanding of the Lubavitch Rebbe and the Messianic Lubavitch movement, reflects on her experiences as a baal teshuvah (a Jew who returns to Orthodoxy), and expounds on the racial climate in the Brooklyn neighborhood of Crown Heights after the 1991 riots. Interview conducted by Jill Vexler.
Biographical Note
At the time of the interview in 1993, Basha Oka was a forty-one-year-old Lubavitch baal teshuvah (a Jew returned to Orthodoxy) living in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn and working in public relations. Originally from Miami Beach, Florida, Oka was raised in a Conservative Jewish home. Her father was mayor of Miami Beach. She attended Northwestern University and transferred to Barnard, from which she graduated. She attended Yale for a master's degree in theater.
Conditions Governing Access and Use
Access to this recording is restricted by the donor. Please contact CBHReference@bklynlibrary.org with further questions.
Subjects
Organizations
Topics
Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements
One original audio cassette. One duplicate audio cassette.
One access .mp3 file.
One interview transcript.
Pikus, Sharon, October 1 1993
Language of Materials
Scope and Contents
Sharon Pikus reflects on her upbringing, specifically in Brooklyn in the 1950s. She discusses her immigrant grandparents and the beginnings of the family's real estate business. She recalls Wingate High School as an important part of her life. Pikus also discusses the challenge of being a young woman and what she views as the anti-egalitarian nature of a Hebrew education and practicing Conservative Judaism. She speaks of her feminism, Zionism, and thoughts on the Civil Rights Movement. Pikus shares her insight into the racial and financial makeup of the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn she remembers and the neighborhood in days of civil unrest. Interview conducted by Jill Vexler.
Biographical Note
Sharon Pikus was born in 1945 and raised in apartments on Rockaway Parkway and St. Marks Avenue in the Brooklyn neighborhood of Crown Heights. She attended two elementary public schools and Wingate High School, graduating in 1962. After two years at the University of Buffalo, she transferred to Syracuse University, where she completed her bachelor's degree. She obtained a master's degree from the Teachers' College at Columbia University. Both degrees were in Special Education for the Visually Impaired. She worked part-time as a teacher for over fifteen years before joining the four-generation family real estate business. Working with her husband, Rubin Pikus, she serves as Chief Operating Officer and Secretary of Milbrook Properties, Ltd. She's a mother of two daughters, a grandmother, and has co-chaired the Commission for Women's Equality of the American Jewish Congress.
Conditions Governing Access and Use
Access to this recording is restricted by the donor. Please contact CBHReference@bklynlibrary.org with further questions.
Subjects
Organizations
Topics
Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements
One original audio cassette. One duplicate audio cassette.
One access .mp3 file.
One interview transcript.
Pointer, Louvenia, May 7 1993
Language of Materials
Scope and Contents
Louvenia Pointer says very little about her life before moving to the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn. She recounts searching for and finding the Carroll Street home she and her husband bought. Race is discussed in the context of public schools and the neighborhood. She remembers the events that led her from teaching music privately to public education. Pointer describes her participation in the block association, past and present, as well as the neighborhood children, historically, and children in general. Finally, she talks about the flaws in people that can lead to neighborhood tension, and how best to heal that tension. Interview conducted by Craig Wilder.
Biographical Note
Louvenia Pointer, a Black woman born in 1916 as Louvenia White, was raised in Holly Hill, South Carolina, until 1926. She then lived in Harlem and the Bronx in New York City while working as a professional pianist, organist, and soprano. She studied Music Education at New York University and was cast in many Broadway productions, working with artists and thespians including Noel Coward and Ossie Davis. Pointer directed the National Youth Administration Radio Workshop chorus in 1943. She married William Davis Pointer, Sr. in 1947. Moving to the Brooklyn neighborhood of Crown Heights in 1954, they raised three children. Retired from the theater, Pointer worked as a music teacher in several Brooklyn schools as well as privately. She was active in civic affairs and participated in her block association and the Brooklyn Women's Coalition. She founded the Great Day Chorale, a touring a cappella group, in 1987. She died in 2009.
Conditions Governing Access and Use
Original transcripts and analog interview A/V materials are not available for research. Access to the interview is available onsite at the Center for Brooklyn History's Othmer Library and online on CBH's Oral History Portal. Use of the oral histories other than for private study, scholarship, or research requires the permission of CBH. For assistance, contact digitalcollections@bklynlibrary.org.
Subjects
Topics
Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements
One original audio cassette. One duplicate audio cassette.
One access .mp3 file.
One interview transcript.
Externally hosted content
https://oralhistory.brooklynhistory.org/interviews/pointer-louvenia-19930507/
Pointer, William D., Jr., Rev., August 10 1993
Language of Materials
Scope and Contents
In the interview, Reverend William D. Pointer, Jr. recalls his childhood, his relationship with his best friend from the Jewish family next door, and home ownership of different ethnic groups in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn. He describes his activism as a teenager during the Black Power movement and how the African Student Association effected change. When describing the climate that led to the cultural turmoil in Crown Heights in 1991, Reverend Pointer looks to the differing ways the nation and its varying cultures value family and community. Interview conducted by Craig Wilder.
Biographical Note
Reverend William D. Pointer, Jr. was born to William and Louvenia Pointer in New York City in 1952. He was raised on Carroll St. in the Brooklyn neighborhood of Crown Heights, along with a brother and sister. Pointer graduated from George W. Wingate High School in 1970. He is married to Elder Lillie Pointer, who serves with him at the Christian Cultural Center (CCC). Since 1992, Rev. Pointer has served at CCC as Associate Pastor and Senior Elder, as well as the Director of the Performing Arts Ministry. He and his wife have traveled and ministered across the globe. In 2009, his book "Moving from Pain to Power" was published. As of 2026, Rev. Dr. Pointer is an Associate Pastor and Senior Elder at the CCC.
Conditions Governing Access and Use
Original transcripts and analog interview A/V materials are not available for research. Access to the interview is available onsite at the Center for Brooklyn History's Othmer Library and online on CBH's Oral History Portal. Use of the oral histories other than for private study, scholarship, or research requires the permission of CBH. For assistance, contact digitalcollections@bklynlibrary.org.
Subjects
Organizations
Topics
Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements
One original audio cassette. One duplicate audio cassette.
One access .mp3 file.
One interview transcript.
Externally hosted content
https://oralhistory.brooklynhistory.org/interviews/pointer-william-d-jr-19930810/
Roberts, Carl E., July 22 1993
Language of Materials
Scope and Contents
Carl E. Roberts discusses misconceptions about Jamaicans and Jamaican Americans, his educational and professional experiences, and his community activism. He speaks directly about the real and perceived rifts between the Black communities and the Orthodox and Hasidim communities in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn, and ways he thinks community members can improve relations. Roberts offers his insight into the changes in real estate ownership within Crown Heights over several decades and how these changes affect the neighborhood. Interview conducted by Craig Wilder.
Biographical Note
A Jamaican American, Carl E. Roberts has lived in Brooklyn for all his adult life. He emigrated in 1954 while still in his teens, when his family moved to the Brooklyn neighborhood of Bedford-Stuyvesant. He worked full-time at a Macy's department store while attending Brooklyn College part-time. His family moved to the Crown Heights neighborhood in 1958. After serving in the Army for over two years, he took a job as a bank teller. Roberts, an Investment Banking major, completed his education at New York University. He went to work for New York Life Insurance and also started a tax consulting business at home with help from his wife. For much of the 1980s, Roberts was a local politician and community activist, serving on Community Board Nine and related committees. He ran three unsuccessful campaigns for a seat in the New York State Assembly.
Conditions Governing Access and Use
Original transcripts and analog interview A/V materials are not available for research. Access to the interview is available onsite at the Center for Brooklyn History's Othmer Library and online on CBH's Oral History Portal. Use of the oral histories other than for private study, scholarship, or research requires the permission of CBH. For assistance, contact digitalcollections@bklynlibrary.org.
Subjects
Organizations
People
Topics
Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements
One original audio cassette. One duplicate audio cassette.
One access .mp3 file.
One interview transcript.
Externally hosted content
https://oralhistory.brooklynhistory.org/interviews/roberts-carl-e-19930722/
Rubovzkin, Bella, and Gabriel Rubovzkin, May 12 1993
Language of Materials
Scope and Contents
Bella Rubovzkin discusses some traditions, teachings, and social practices of the Lubavitch community. She and her husband Gabriel talk about their displacement in Europe and Russia during and after World War II, the changing ethnicities of the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn, changes in where Jews have settled in the New York City area since the 1950s, and job opportunities for their neighbors and relatives. They discuss their observations of the ethnic and racial tensions of Crown Heights from the 1970s through to the 1991 riots and beyond. Bella also offers her thoughts on the strife within the community and ways of reconciliation. Interview conducted by Jill Vexler.
Biographical Note
Bella (Biela) Rubovzkin was born in 1933 in Krolevets, Ukraine. Observant from birth, she fled her home village as World War II intensified in 1941. She and her family migrated east to Saratov, Russia, and then further east until the war's end. She met her future husband, Gabriel Rubaszkin, a Russian Jew, in Samarkand, Uzbekistan. Religious persecution forced their move to the United States after passing through several countries. During their five-year stay in France, Bella and Gabriel were married. They arrived in New York in 1954. By 1958, they had settled in the Brooklyn neighborhood of Crown Heights and began raising a family. By 1993, they were grandparents. They sold their Carroll Street home in 2005 and have since resided in White Lake, New York, and Miami Beach, Florida.
Conditions Governing Access and Use
Original transcripts and analog interview A/V materials are not available for research. Access to the interview is available onsite at the Center for Brooklyn History's Othmer Library and online on CBH's Oral History Portal. Use of the oral histories other than for private study, scholarship, or research requires the permission of CBH. For assistance, contact digitalcollections@bklynlibrary.org.
Subjects
People
Topics
Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements
Two original audio cassettes. Two duplicate audio cassettes.
One access .mp3 file.
One interview transcript.
Externally hosted content
https://oralhistory.brooklynhistory.org/interviews/rubaszkin-bella-and-gabriel-19930512/
Segall, Aviva, August 9 1993
Language of Materials
Scope and Contents
Aviva Segall discusses her first contacts with the Hasidic community as a teenager, the events that led to her joining the Lubavitch community, and the differences between her observant Conservative upbringing and her current Hasidic lifestyle. She examines the pros and cons of the secular and religious worlds, life as a baal teshuvah (Jews returned to Orthodoxy), cultural faux pas in the Orthodox enclave of the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn, and the authority of the Lubavitch spiritual leader, or Rebbe. Race relations, neighborhood transitions, education, and politics are also discussed. Interview conducted by Jill Vexler.
Biographical Note
Aviva Segall grew up in Youngstown, Ohio, in a Conservative Jewish family. Aviva first became acquainted with Hasidism at a Lubavitch-sponsored youth event in her hometown at the age of fourteen. Four years later, Aviva met a Hasidic woman at a women's conference in Minnesota who invited Segall to attend her wedding in Crown Heights. She traveled to Brooklyn and formed her first impressions of the neighborhood. She eventually joined other formerly secular women as baal teshuvah (Jews who returned to Orthodoxy) and immersed herself in the Hasidic lifestyle of Crown Heights. Some years later, Segall got married and began a family with her husband. At the time of the 1993 interview, she was a research assistant on the Crown Heights History Project and a twenty-year resident of Crown Heights.
Conditions Governing Access and Use
Access to this recording is restricted by the donor. Please contact CBHReference@bklynlibrary.org with further questions.
Subjects
Organizations
Topics
Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements
One original audio cassette. One duplicate audio cassette.
One access .mp3 file.
One interview transcript.
Shaffer, Devora, October 26 1993
Language of Materials
Scope and Contents
In the interview, Shaffer talks about her day-to-day life as a Jewish Lubavitcher teenage girl, including her schooling, teacher training, camping experiences, and living in the Brooklyn neighborhood of Crown Heights and New York City. Shaffer offers her thoughts on how the Lubavitch community coexists with non-Jewish people as well as other ethnic and racial minorities. She speaks of her own and her community's devotion to the Rebbe, how she may meet her future husband, the differences in being Hasidic and being religious, and her immediate reaction to the civil unrest in Crown Heights. Interview conducted by Jill Vexler.
Biographical Note
Devora Leah Shaffer-Slutzkin (Devori) grew up in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn, with her parents and nine siblings. She graduated from Beth Rivkah High School and, at eighteen, attended Beth Rivkah's teacher training seminary and Touro College. She visited international Lubavitch camps and served as a counselor at a Jewish summer camp in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. She married Reb Doron Slutzkin and resides in Zurich, Switzerland.
Conditions Governing Access and Use
Original transcripts and analog interview A/V materials are not available for research. Access to the interview is available onsite at the Center for Brooklyn History's Othmer Library and online on CBH's Oral History Portal. Use of the oral histories other than for private study, scholarship, or research requires the permission of CBH. For assistance, contact digitalcollections@bklynlibrary.org.
Subjects
Organizations
Topics
Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements
One original audio cassette. One duplicate audio cassette.
One access .mp3 file.
One interview transcript.
Externally hosted content
https://oralhistory.brooklynhistory.org/interviews/shaffer-devora-19931026/
Simon, Yudi, September 2 1993
Language of Materials
Conditions Governing Access and Use
Access to this recording is restricted. Please contact CBHReference@bklynlibrary.org with further questions.
Subjects
People
Places
Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements
One original audiocassette. One duplicate audiocassette.
One interview transcript.
Stock, Martha, and Shimshon Stock, July 20 1993
Language of Materials
Scope and Contents
Martha Stock discusses the experience of growing up Lubavitcher and receiving a secular education. She talks about her parents' meeting and the experiences of family members who left Poland during World War II. Her husband, Shimshon, joins Martha in the interview. They review the issues of home ownership in the Brooklyn neighborhood of Crown Heights. Martha and Shimshon discuss their intolerance for their African American neighbors and non-Jewish cultures. Stock describes the struggle and frustration of anti-Semitism and the Hasidic community's separatism within society. He takes issue with his own community and local, state, and national politics. Interview conducted by Jill Vexler.
Biographical Note
Martha Sacolick was born in 1931 on Eastern Parkway in Brooklyn to Polish Jews who had immigrated to the United States after World War II. In her childhood, the family resided on Herzl Street in Brooklyn and then Stanton Street in Manhattan. She attended P.S. 65, graduated from Seward Park High School, and then took accounting courses. As an adult, she lived in the Brooklyn neighborhoods of Williamsburg and Borough Park. She met her husband, Shimshon Stock, while working at a belt manufacturer in the early 1950s, and they married in Borough Park. Stock was born into an Orthodox family in New York City in 1929. In his childhood, the family resided in the Rockaway Beach and Brownsville neighborhoods. He and Martha first shared a home in East New York, and in 1964, they settled in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn. Stock was a community leader, working closely with the Lubavitch Rebbe on several occasions. The couple had a son and two daughters, and over a dozen grandchildren. Martha and Shimshon Stock died in 2007.
Conditions Governing Access and Use
Access to this recording is restricted. Please contact CBHReference@bklynlibrary.org with further questions.
Subjects
Organizations
Topics
Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements
Two original audio cassettes. Two duplicate audio cassettes.
One interview transcript.
Wilson, Dellon A., November 10 1993
Language of Materials
Scope and Contents
Dellon Wilson, a Jamaican American, discusses her upbringing, training in the Army, schooling in the United States, and an illness that forced her to stop working. She shares her perspectives on racial tolerance and intolerance, relates personal experiences of feeling unfairly judged in her teens, her contemporary viewpoint on the racial and ethnic makeup of the Brooklyn neighborhood of Crown Heights community, and the media's portrayal of the riots after the auto accident that killed Gavin Cato in Crown Heights. Interview conducted by Jill Vexler.
Biographical Note
Dellon Wilson was born in Saint Anne, Jamaica, and raised in Kingston. In her pre-teens, Wilson moved to Westchester County, New York. After graduating from White Plains High School, she enlisted in the United States Army. After serving, she attended New York University and Hunter College, where she completed an undergraduate degree in Theatre and Film Production and a master's degree in Biology. In 1980, Wilson moved in to an apartment on Eastern Parkway in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn. She worked as forensic medicine microbiologist in a Medical Examiner's office for eight years. After taking leave from full-time employment due to a job-related illness, Wilson volunteered her time to women's rights and AIDS-related causes. She died in September, 1995.
Conditions Governing Access and Use
Original transcripts and analog interview A/V materials are not available for research. Access to the interview is available onsite at the Center for Brooklyn History's Othmer Library and online on CBH's Oral History Portal. Use of the oral histories other than for private study, scholarship, or research requires the permission of CBH. For assistance, contact digitalcollections@bklynlibrary.org.
Subjects
Topics
Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements
One original audio cassette. One duplicate audio cassette.
One access .mp3 file.
One interview transcript.
Externally hosted content
https://oralhistory.brooklynhistory.org/interviews/wilson-dellon-a-19931110/
Fredericks, Dexter and Huntley, Sereta, February 12 1994
Language of Materials
Conditions Governing Access and Use
Access to this recording is restricted by the donor. Please contact CBHReference@bklynlibrary.org with further questions.
Subjects
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Places
Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements
One original audio cassette. One duplicate audio cassette.
Series 2: Donated materials, 1950-1994, inclusive
Language of Materials
Scope and Contents
Series 2: Donated materials, 1950–1994, includes materials donated to the Crown Heights History Project for the exhibitions at the institutions collaborating on the project: BHS's Crown Heights: Perceptions and Realities, Brooklyn Children's Museum's Crown Heights: The Inside Scoop, and the Society for the Preservation of Weeksville and Bedford-Stuyvesant's Crown Heights: The African Diaspora, all opening in spring of 1994.
Materials were donated by Crown Heights residents and religious, cultural, and professional organizations and businesses that operated within the neighborhood or catered to neighborhood residents. These materials include Chabad Lubavitch literature, advertisements, and ephemera, records from community associations and businesses, family photographs, letters, event flyers, newspaper clippings and newsletters, and materials related to the West Indian American Day Parade Carnival.
Arrangement
Series 2: Donated materials, 1950–1994, is arranged into ten sub-series by donor:
Sub-series 2.1: Essa Abed papers, 1990-1994
Sub-series 2.2: Esther Goldman papers, 1981-1987
Sub-series 2.3: Carlos Lezama papers, 1971-1993
Sub-series 2.4: Empire Press records, 1984-1993
Sub-series 2.5: Bronya Schaffer papers, c.1970s
Sub-series 2.6: Roslyn Tanzman papers, 1994
Sub-series 2.7: Wladimir Thomas papers, 1973-1983
Sub-series 2.8: Moshe Zaetz papers, 1990-1994
Sub-series 2.9: Crown Heights Taxpayers and Civic Association records, 1955-1988
Sub-series 2.10: Unknown donor, 1990-1994
Sub-series 2.1: Essa Abed papers, 1990-1994, inclusive
Language of Materials
Scope and Contents
Sub-Series 1.1: Essa Abed papers, 1990–1994, consists of materials donated by Essa Abed, including records, memos, informational literature, and ephemera created by the Graham-Windham Services to Families and Children and the Coalition of Brooklyn Preventive Service Directors, as well as clippings and photographs of Abed and Graham-Windham staff.
Arrangement
Sub-Series 1.1: Essa Abed papers, 1990–1994, is arranged chronologically.
Biographical / Historical
Essa Abed, a Palestinian-American, was a community leader, Director of the Graham-Windham Family Service Center in Crown Heights, a branch of Graham Windham Services to Families and Children, and Director of the Coalition of Brooklyn Preventive Service Directors.
[Graham-Windham Services to Families and Children donation envelope], c.1990s
Our Children... Our Future brochures, c.1990s
Neighborhood Family Service Center brochures, c.1990s
[Brooklyn service maps], c.1990s
[Photocopy of Child Abuse & Maltreatment Forum program], c.1990s
[Photocopy of employee performance appraisal form], c.1990s
[Photocopy of sample Crown Heights Consortium Alliance letter], c.1990s
[Blank Graham-Windham Services to Families and Children letterhead], c.1990s
[Holiday event photos], c.1990s
[Photocopy of National Association of Social Workers Nassau Division program agenda], April 11 1992
Record newsletter, April 1992
[Mission statement poster], 1992
[Clippings], 1992-1994, inclusive
[Annual staff meeting program], March 5 1993
[Photocopy of The Consortium of Central Brooklyn/Crown Heights Human Services Providers and Community-Based Organizations attendance sheet], April 28 1993
[Photocopies of letters from politicians], 1993
[List of accomplishments for fiscal year], 1993
[Photocopy of note from Essa Abed about second Annual Legislative Breakfast], 1993
[Photocopies of Agency for Consortium Meeting agendas], 1993-1994, inclusive
On-Site Social Service Project program, 1994-01-22
[Photocopy of Coalition of Brooklyn Preventive Service Directors letter], 1994-02-28
[Photocopy of staff appreciation location memo], 1994-03-01
Staff Recognition Day flyer, 1994-04-08
[Photocopy of Consortium of Central Brooklyn & Crown Heights Human Services Providers & Community-Based Organization letters], 1994
Healthy Families Make Healthy Communities program, c.1994
[Director Essa J. Abed business cards]
Total Quality Management Program brochure
Sub-series 2.2: Esther Goldman papers, 1981-1987, inclusive
Language of Materials
Scope and Contents
Sub-series 2.2: Esther Goldman papers, 1981-1987, consists of materials donated by Crown Heights resident Esther Goldman, including personal photographs and prayer booklets.
Arrangement
Sub-series 2.2: Esther Goldman papers, 1981-1987, is arranged chronologically.
[Photograph of woman holding baby], c.1950s
[Photograph of family], c.1960s
[Wedding photograph], c.1970s
[Photograph of two young boys wearing yarmulkes], c.1970s
[Bencher prayer booklets], 1981-1987, inclusive
[Photograph of man wearing Tefillin and Tallis]
Sub-series 2.3: Carlos Lezama papers, 1971-1993, inclusive
Language of Materials
Scope and Contents
Sub-series 2.3: Carlos Lezama papers, 1971–1993, consists of materials donated by Carlos Lezama, including brochures for the West Indian American Day Carnival Association brochures, programs, and pamphlets.
Arrangement
Sub-series 2.3: Carlos Lezama papers, 1971–1993, is arranged chronologically.
Biographical Note
Carlos Lezama was born in 1923 in Coro, Venezuela. He grew up in Trinidad but later returned to Venezuela, where he was an auto worker for General Motors and Chrysler, as well as a mechanic in Caracas specializing in dental machinery. After that, he departed for a job as a merchant mariner. It was during his travels as a seaman that he first visited the United States and eventually resolved to move to New York City, which he did, alone, in 1954. He had lived in Manhattan for about two years when he moved to Crown Heights after noticing the greater movement of Caribbean people into the neighborhood. While living in Crown Heights he became a prominent figure in the cultural life of the neighborhood's West Indian residents.
Along with Rufus (Lionel) Gorin, he was a key organizer of the first Carnival parade on Eastern Parkway, now commonly known as the West Indian American Day Parade, in 1969. When Gorin died, Lezama was elected the first president of the West Indian American Day Carnival Association (WIADCA), a position he held until his retirement in 2002. He died in 2007.
West Indian-American Day Carnival Association Dimanche Gras brochure, 1971
West Indian-American Day Carnival Association Dimanche Gras brochure, 1979
West Indian-American Day Carnival Association Carnival Festival program, 1984
West Indian-American Day Carnival Association "Introducing WIADCA" pamphlet, 1992
West Indian-American Day Carnival Association Carnival Festival program, 1993
Sub-series 2.4: Empire Press records, 1984-1993, inclusive
Language of Materials
Scope and Contents
Sub-series 2.4: Empire Press records, 1984-1993, consists of materials donated by Empire Press, a commercial printer in Crown Heights, including assorted invitations, seforim, and bencher booklets.
[Assorted invitations], 1984-1993, inclusive
Sub-series 2.5: Bronya Schaffer papers, c.1970s
Language of Materials
Scope and Contents
Sub-series 2.5: Bronya Schaffer papers, c.1970s, consists of materials donated by Bronya Schaffer, including Lubavitch Youth Organization materials, Tefillin blessing brochures, and Hebrew calligraphy.
Arrangement
Sub-series 2.5: Bronya Schaffer papers, c.1970s, is arranged chronologically.
[Lubavitch Youth Organization booklet of newspaper ads], c.1970s
Blessing for Tefillin brochure
[Graph paper with Hebrew calligraphy]
Sub-series 2.6: Roslyn Tanzman papers, 1994
Language of Materials
Scope and Contents
Sub-series 2.6: Roslyn Tanzman papers, 1994, consists of two copies of Tanzman's book, Love before the Storm, donated by the author.
"Love Before the Storm" by Roslyn Tanzman, 1994
Sub-series 2.7: Wladimir Thomas papers, 1973-1983, inclusive
Language of Materials
Scope and Contents
Sub-series 2.7: Wladimir Thomas papers, 1973-1983, consists of materials donated by Crown Heights resident Wladimir Thomas, including family photos, Haitian newspapers, personal letters, church booklets, and a Haitian Creole translation of Romeo and Juliet.
Arrangement
Sub-series 2.7: Wladimir Thomas papers, 1973-1983, is arranged chronologically.
[Photograph of Haitian family], c.1970s
[Photograph of children in front of St. Matthew's church], 1973
[Photograph of child receiving communion at St. Matthew's Church], 1976
Haiti Observater, February 10-17 1978
[Letter from Alfred Plines], August 15 1979
[Letter from Jaqueline Clarke], August 17 1983
St. Matthew's Church guidebook
"Roméo et Juliette" Librairie Hatier édition
Sub-series 2.8: Moshe Zaetz papers, 1988-1994, inclusive
Language of Materials
Scope and Contents
Sub-series 2.8: Moshe Zaetz papers, 1988-1994, consists of materials donated by Moshe Zaetz, a Crown Heights resident who ran the Tvios Hashem store, including religious bumper stickers, stickers, and calendars.
Arrangement
Sub-series 2.8: Moshe Zaetz papers, 1988-1994, is arranged chronologically.
We Want Moshiach Now! bumper stickers, c.1988
[Sheet of Army of Hashem stickers], c.1990s
[Mounted Army of Hashem sticker], c.1990s
5754 Jewish Art Calendar, 1993-1994
Sub-series 2.9: Crown Heights Taxpayers and Civic Association records, 1955-1988, inclusive
Language of Materials
Scope and Contents
Sub-series 2.9: Crown Heights Taxpayers and Civic Association records, 1955–1988, consists of materials donated by the Crown Heights Taxpayers and Civic Association, including Association memos, flyers, and programs. The majority of materials in this sub-series are photocopies.
Arrangement
Sub-series 2.9: Crown Heights Taxpayers and Civic Association records, 1955–1988, is arranged chronologically.
[Photocopy of memo to Crown Heights homeowners], October 11 1955
[Photocopy of In Opposition to the Designation of Crown Heights as a "Poverty District" memo], February 26 1968
[Photocopy of anniversary luncheon and cultural fair program], May 15 1971
[A Brief History flyer], 1988
[Photocopy of Myrtle G. Whitmore business card]
[Biographical sketch of Myrtle G. Whitmore]
[Crown Heights cleanup campaign flyer]
Sub-series 2.10: Unknown donor, 1990-1994, inclusive
Language of Materials
Scope and Contents
Sub-series 2.10: Unknown donor, 1990–1994, consists of materials from unknown donors, including flyers and posters for local concerts, classes, and businesses, religious newsletters and booklets, and a Tzach directory of Crown Heights.
Arrangement
Sub-series 2.10: Unknown donor, 1990–1994, is arranged chronologically.
[Pulse Nightclub Caribbean Night flyer], c.1990s
[Gutnick Computerized Communication Center Torah study programs flyer], c.1990s
The Original Sticky Mike's Posse Reggae Fridays brochure, c.1990s
[Wedding package flyer], c.1990s
Moshiach Matters newsletter vol 1. no. 1, c.1990s
Crown Heights Tzach Directory, 1991
A Report to the Governor on the Disturbances in Crown Heights, 1993
Tilden Hall Jah Love Musik Part Two flyer, 1993-12-03
[The Chai Foundation informational booklet], 1993
[Clippings], 1993-1994, inclusive
[Biltmore Ballroom flyers], 1994
[Photocopy transcript of speech given at West Indian-American Day Carnival Association townhouse meeting and award ceremony], 1994-01-23
[Jamaica Social Club birthday bash flyer], 1994-03-19
[Starlite Ballroom flyers], 1994-03-25
Medgar Evers College 5th Annual African Inspiration Fashion Show flyer, 1994-03-26
[Brother Records and Things top 30 song list]
In the Garden of the Torah booklet
Series 3: Collected materials, 1973-1998, inclusive
Language of Materials
Scope and Contents
Series 3: Collected materials, 1973-1998, consists of materials collected and purchased by Crown Heights History Project curator Jill Vexler and the Brooklyn Historical Society. These materials include Chabad Lubavitch advertisements, flyers, brochures, and children's materials; Jewish and Caribbean magazines; newspapers; publications and newspaper clippings related to the Crown Heights riots in 1991; flyers and advertisements for concerts and community events; and West Indian American Carnival Parade advertisements.
Arrangement
Series 3: Collected materials, 1973-1998, is arranged into two sub-series:
Sub-series 3.1: Jill Vexler, 1990-1993
Sub-series 3.2: Brooklyn Historical Society, 1973-1998.
This arrangement was imposed by Crown Heights History Project staff during exhibition planning and was maintained by the archivist.
Sub-series 3.1: Jill Vexler, 1990-1993, inclusive
Language of Materials
Scope and Contents
Sub-series 3.1: Jill Vexler, 1990-1993, consists of materials collected and purchased by Jill Vexler, the curator of the Crown Heights History Project. This material includes Chabad Lubavitch advertisements, publications, and flyers; religious material for children; and newspaper clippings related to Crown Heights.
Arrangement
Sub-series 3.1: Jill Vexler, 1990-1993, is arranged chronologically.
Biographical / Historical
Jill Vexler, PhD., is a cultural anthropologist and curator who served as Curator and one of the Project Directors of the Crown Heights History Project. She works on projects on cultural identity, social history, and the Holocaust. Vexler currently lives in New York City.
[Chabad Lubavitch advertisements], c.1990s
[Food stickers], c.1990s
[Children's Mitzvah chart], c.1990s
Lubavitch International magazine, Winter 1991
Haggadah for Passover book, 1992
[Invitation to Michael Gleizer artist exhibition], February 28 1993
[Clippings], 1993-1994, inclusive
L'chaim newsletters, 1993
Making the World into a Beautiful Gem flyer
Sub-series 3.2: Brooklyn Historical Society, 1973-1998, inclusive
Language of Materials
Scope and Contents
Sub-series 3.2: Brooklyn Historical Society, 1973-1998, consists of materials collected and purchased by the Brooklyn Historical Society, including Chabad Lubavitch flyers, brochures, publications, advertisements, and Youth Organization materials; flyers and advertisements for Crown Heights organizations, events, and businesses; West Indian American Carnival Parade advertisements; and a substantial amount of magazines, publications, and newspaper clippings relating to Crown Heights and the community's religious and ethnic communities.
Arrangement
Sub-series 3.2: Brooklyn Historical Society, 1973-1998, is arranged chronologically.
Challenge: An Encounter with Lubavitch-Chabad in Israel by the Lubavitch Foundation of Great Britain, 1973
[Lubavitch Youth Organization materials], 1985-1995, inclusive
[Photocopy of The Struggle for Black Arts in Britain by Kwesi Owusu, Chapter 1], 1986
[Nechemia Moshe Deitsch prayer book], November 1 1987
[Business cards], c.1990s
[The Chassidic Art Institute brochure], c.1990s
[Chabad Lubavitch pamphlets], c.1990s
[Chabad Lubavitch religious advertisements], c.1990s
[OK Kosher Certification materials], c.1990s
[Newspapers and Clippings], 1990-1994, inclusive
[Magazines], 1990-1994, inclusive
[The Possible Man promotional poster], 1992
[Jewish wall calendars], 1992-1993, inclusive
Lubavitch International magazines, 1992-1993, inclusive
38th International Convention of Tzeirei Agudis Chabad poster, October 3 1993
[Siyum HaRambam poster], October 10 1993
[Jean Bertrand Aristide poster], October 30 1993
[Project Cure materials], c.1993
[Crown Heights community flyers], 1993-1994, inclusive
L'chaim newsletters, 1993-1994, inclusive
[Crown Heights Coalition materials], 1993
[Jewish Children International: Tzivos Hashem materials], 1993
Anti-Defamation League Audit of Anti-Semitic Incidents, 1993
MTA Subway Map, April 1993
Appreciating the Hues of Dawn" by Malka Touger booklet, 1994
[Michoel Streicher Shma Beni poster], 1998
[Heineken West Indian American Carnival sponsor poster], n.d.
Series 4: Photographs, 1970-1994, inclusive
Scope and Contents
Series 4: Photographs, 1970–1994, consists of 252 prints, 324 negatives, 80 35mm slides, and 60 photographic contact sheets gathered for display at BHS's Crown Heights: Perceptions and Realities, Brooklyn Children's Museum's Crown Heights: The Inside Scoop, and the Society for the Preservation of Weeksville and Bedford-Stuyvesant's Crown Heights: The African Diaspora exhibitions, as well as object and event photos. This series includes photos of Crown Heights and its diverse residents, photos of church and synagogue services, Lubavitch gatherings, religious holidays, neighborhood streets and storefronts, and family events.
Arrangement
This series is arranged in six sub-series:
Sub-series 4.1: Rodney Hurley photographs, c.1990s
Sub-series 4.2: Miriam Rubinoff photographs, 1994
Sub-series 4.3: Myrtle Whitmore photographs, 1970-1972
Sub-series 4.4: Chris Maynard photographs, c.1993
Sub-series 4.5: Additional photographers, 1994
Sub-series 4.6: Event and object photographs, 1994
This arrangement maintains the order in which the materials were arranged when accessioned by the Brooklyn Historical Society: Sub-series 1 through 5 are arranged by photographer, and sub-series 6 is arranged by subject.
Processing Note
Duplicate photos were removed and added to the ARC.288 Brooklyn Historical Society institutional records.
Sub-series 4.1: Rodney Hurley photographs, c.1990s
Scope and Contents
Sub-series 4.1: Rodney Hurley photographs, c.1990s, includes 30 black & white 4x6 prints, 55 8x10 prints, 40 photographic contact sheets, and 101 photographic negatives taken by Hurley for BHS's Crown Heights: Perceptions and Realities, Brooklyn Children's Museum's Crown Heights: The Inside Scoop, and the Society for the Preservation of Weeksville and Bedford-Stuyvesant's Crown Heights: The African Diaspora exhibitions. The Crown Heights History Project hired Hurley to photograph religious and community events in Crown Heights, as well as Crown Heights residents, streets, and storefronts. Hurley also photographed oral history interviewees, shots of whom are interspersed throughout the prints and contact sheets.
Arrangement
This sub-series is arranged by format, and the prints, contact sheets, and negatives are arranged in order according to the photographer's shot list, which can be found in the accession log.
[Photographic prints], c.1990s
Other Finding Aids
Some photographic prints are labeled and correspond to a shot list, which can be found in the accession log.
[Contact sheets], c.1990s
[Negatives], c.1990s
Sub-series 4.2: Miriam Rubinoff photographs, 1994
Scope and Contents
Sub-series 4.2: Miriam Rubinoff photographs, 1994, includes 16 4x6 prints, 99 8x10 prints, 6 5x7 prints, 12 photographic contact sheets, 84 negatives, and 28 35mm slides taken by Rubinoff for BHS's Crown Heights: Perceptions and Realities, Brooklyn Children's Museum's Crown Heights: The Inside Scoop, and the Society for the Preservation of Weeksville and Bedford-Stuyvesant's Crown Heights: The African Diaspora exhibitions. The Crown Heights History Project hired Rubinoff to photograph the neighborhood's Jewish residents, especially the Chabad Lubavitch community, including religious, community, and familial gatherings, as well as houses, storefronts, streets, and religiously significant objects. Rubinoff also photographed the opening of BHS's exhibition in 1994.
Arrangement
This sub-series is arranged by subject and format. The prints and negatives are arranged in order according to shot numbers on the contact sheets.
Lubavitchers of Crown Heights, 1990-1994, inclusive
Material Specific Details
[Photographic prints], 1994
Material Specific Details
[Contact sheets], 1994
Material Specific Details
[Negatives], 1994
[Crown Heights: Perceptions and Realities event photographs], 1994
Sub-series 4.3: Myrtle Whitmore photographs, 1970-1972, inclusive
Scope and Contents
Sub-series 4.3: Myrtle Whitmore photographs, 1970–1972, consists of 6 8x10 print and 1 photographic contact sheet donated from the collection of Myrtle Whitmore for display in BHS's Crown Heights: Perceptions and Realities, Brooklyn Children's Museum's Crown Heights: The Inside Scoop, and the Society for the Preservation of Weeksville and Bedford-Stuyvesant's Crown Heights: The African Diaspora exhibitions. This series includes photographs of civic organizations in the Crown Heights neighborhood and one contact sheet.
Arrangement
This sub-series is arranged by subject and format. This arrangement was imposed by the photographer and maintained by the archivist.
Civic organization photos, 1970-1972, inclusive
Material Specific Details
[Contact sheet], c.1970s
Sub-series 4.4: Chris Maynard photographs, c.1993
Scope and Contents
Sub-series 4.4: Chris Maynard photographs, c.1993, consists of 11 photographic contact sheets taken by Chris Maynard for the Brooklyn Children's Museum's Crown Heights: The Inside Scoop exhibition in 1994. The sub-series includes photos of Jewish and Christian gatherings and religious services in Crown Heights. The contact sheets in this sub-series have handwritten notes on the back by the photographer.
Arrangement
This sub-series is arranged by format.
Immediate Source of Acquisition
The Brooklyn Children's Museum commissioned Chris Maynard to take photographs for their 1994 exhibition, Crown Heights: The Inside Scoop. The BCM donated Maynard's photographs to the Brooklyn Historical Society in 1995.
[Contact sheets], c.1993
Sub-series 4.5: Additional photographers, 1994
Scope and Contents
Sub-series 4.5: Additional photographers, 1994, includes 21 4x6 prints, 4 8x10 prints, 2 photographic contact sheets, and 130 negatives taken for BHS's Crown Heights: Perceptions and Realities, Brooklyn Children's Museum's Crown Heights: The Inside Scoop, and the Society for the Preservation of Weeksville and Bedford-Stuyvesant's Crown Heights: The African Diaspora exhibitions. These photographs include photos of community events, exterior shots of homes in Crown Heights, and shots of police confrontations.
[Photos of Brooklyn community events], c.1994
[Uncategorized photos], c.1990s
[Negatives], c.1990s
Sub-series 4.6: Event and object photographs, 1994
Scope and Contents
Sub-series 4.6: Event and object photographs, 1994, includes 15 8x10 prints and 9 negatives captured at the opening of Brooklyn Historical Society's Crown Heights: Perceptions and Realities exhibition in 1994, as well as 52 35mm slides of objects displayed at the exhibition.
Arrangement
This sub-series is arranged by format.