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Crown Heights History Project collection

Call Number

1994.006

Dates

1950-1995, inclusive
; 1985-1994, bulk

Creator

Extent

8.44 Linear Feet
in 7 manuscript boxes, 3 small flat boxes, 1 oversize flat box, and 2 O-ring album boxes.

Extent

76.31 Gigabytes
in 247 files, total running time: 38 hours, 7 minutes, 56 seconds.

Language of Materials

Collection materials are in English, Hebrew, Yiddish, and Haitian Creole.

Abstract

This collection consists of materials collected and created for an oral history project and subsequent exhibitions documenting the different ethnic and religious communities within Crown Heights, particularly the neighborhood's Jewish, Black, and Caribbean residents, and the racial tensions existing between them in the wake of the 1991 riots.

Historical Note

The materials in this collection encompass an oral history project and exhibitions that were part of a joint effort between the Brooklyn Historical Society, the Brooklyn's Children Museum, and the Society for the Preservation of Weeksville and Bedford-Stuyvesant History (now Weeksville Heritage Center) to document the different ethnic and religious communities within Crown Heights. The project focused on the neighborhood's Jewish, Black, and Caribbean residents, and the racial tensions existing between them in the wake of the August 1991 riots that erupted after seven-year-old Guyanese American Gavin Cato was struck and killed by a car in Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson's motorcade and resulted in the murder of Jewish scholar Yankel Rosenbaum and Italian-American Anthony Graziosi. The three organizations collaborated to capture perspectives on the racial unrest and discrimination before and after the riots, and how ethnic and religious communities attempted reconciliation during the years following the violence.

The project, first named "Bridging Eastern Parkway" but renamed "The Crown Heights History Project" (CHHP) in 1993, had two directors: cultural anthropologist Jill Vexler and historian Craig Wilder. The pair, aided by CHHP research assistant and Crown Heights resident Aviva Segall, conducted the majority of the interviews for the oral history portion of the project. The interviewers collected thirty-three oral histories with residents of varying religious and ethnic backgrounds, including members of Chabad Lubavitch, Orthodox and secular Jews, Black Americans, and Caribbean Americans, not only to examine the lead-up to and aftermath of the riots but also to document the lives, religious and cultural practices, and everyday experiences of the neighborhood's diverse population.

After completing the oral history portion of the project, Vexler, Wilder, and CHHP staff began collecting materials and compiling donations for exhibition display. Crown Heights residents donated materials and objects that reflected their unique cultural, religious, and personal experiences, and CHHP collected materials related to the neighborhood, its history, and the recent unrest. CHHP also contracted photographers Rodney Hurley, Miriam Rubinoff, and Chris Maynard to take photos for the exhibitions, and collected photographs from Myrtle Whitmore's collection for display.

The project culminated in three exhibitions, one hosted by each organization: BHS's Crown Heights: Perceptions and Realities, Brooklyn Children's Museum's Crown Heights: The Inside Scoop, and the Society for the Preservation of Weeksville and Bedford-Stuyvesant's Crown Heights: The African Diaspora, all of which opened in spring of 1994.

Sources: Rule, Sheila. "The Voices and Faces of Crown Heights." New York Times (New York, NY), April 15, 1994.

Arrangement

This collection is organized into four series:

Series 1: Oral histories, 1993–1994

Series 2: Donated materials, 1950-1994

Series 3: Collected materials, 1973-1998

Series 4: Photographs, 1970-1994

Further arrangement details are noted at the series and sub-series level.

Scope and Contents

This collection contains oral histories, print materials, and photographs collected and donated for exhibitions documenting the ethnic and religious communities of Brooklyn's Crown Heights neighborhood in the years following the Crown Heights Riots in August 1991.

Project staff conducted thirty-three oral history interviews, originally recorded on portable cassette tapes, to document the experiences of Jewish, Black, and Caribbean residents of Crown Heights. These oral histories contain descriptions of family and heritage; immigration and relocation; cultural and racial relations; occupations and professions; education and religion; housing and gentrification; civil unrest and reconciliation; media representation and portrayal; and community activism.

Materials donated to and collected by CHHP staff include flyers, brochures, and posters for cultural, religious, and community organizations; West Indian American Day Carnival ephemera; religious literature; personal letters; invitations; business cards; advertisements; and a substantial number of newspaper clippings and magazines.

The CHHP hired photographers to document the cultural and religious lives of Crown Heights residents. The collection's photographic materials include 252 prints, 324 photographic negatives, 80 35mm slides, and 66 photographic contact sheets. Subjects include church and synagogue services, storefronts and homes in Crown Heights, Chabad Lubavitch gatherings, religious holidays, familial gatherings, and neighborhood residents.

Conditions Governing Access

Open to researchers with varied restrictions according to narrator agreement. Oral histories can be accessed onsite at the Center for Brooklyn History's Othmer Library and online on CBH's Oral History Portal. Administrative materials are open to researchers upon request and are accessible onsite at the Othmer Library. Original transcripts and analog interview A/V materials are not available for research.

Other collection materials are open to users without restriction onsite at the Othmer Library.

Conditions Governing Use

Use of the oral histories other than for private study, scholarship, or research requires the permission of the Center for Brooklyn History. For assistance, please consult library staff at cbhreference@bklynlibrary.org.

While many items at the Center for Brooklyn History are unrestricted, we do not own reproduction rights to all materials. Be aware of the several kinds of rights that might apply: copyright, licensing, and trademarks. The researcher assumes all responsibility for copyright questions.

Preferred Citation

Collection citation:

Identification of item, date (if known); Crown Heights History Project collection, 1994.006, [Box and Folder number]; Brooklyn Public Library, Center for Brooklyn History.

Oral history citation:

[Narrator Last Name, First name], Oral history interview conducted by [Interviewer First name Last name], Interview Date [Month day, YYYY], Crown Heights History Project collection, 1994.006 [Object ID]; Brooklyn Public Library, Center for Brooklyn History.

Immediate Source of Acquisition

Recordings and transcripts were collected through the Crown Heights History Project, a collaboration among the Brooklyn Historical Society, the Brooklyn Children's Museum, and the Society for the Preservation of Weeksville and Bedford Stuyvesant History (now Weeksville Heritage Center). The curator and one of the project's directors, Jill Vexler, retained the project records. Brooklyn Historical Society acquired the collection from Vexler in 2012.

Related Materials

In addition to this collection, Center for Brooklyn History has oral history collections and other records related to the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn:

The West Indian Carnival Documentation Project Records includes thirty-four interviews dating from 1994 to 1995 (2010.019)

• Listen to This: Crown Heights Oral History collection, 2010 (2010.020)

• Eastern Parkway Coalition records, 1952–2007 (2007.016)

• 959 Park Place Tenants' Association records, 1965–1968 (1978.009)

The records related to the management and administration of this project are available in:

• Brooklyn Historical Society institutional records, 1862–2020 (ARC.288)

Collection processed by

Brett Dion, Nilaja Troy, Joe Teutonico, and Harunobu Coryne, and Olivia Mastrosimone

About this Guide

This finding aid was produced using ArchivesSpace on 2026-09-24 19:12:18 +0000.
Using Describing Archives: A Content Standard
Language: Finding aid written in English

Processing Information

Recordings and transcripts were digitized by the Brooklyn Historical Society in 2015. Due to privacy concerns, the processing archivists redacted specific dates of birth of all narrators or other named individuals from the digitized transcripts and audio recordings. The Crown Heights History Project oral histories were processed by Brett Dion, Nilaja Troy, Joe Teutonico, and Harunobu Coryne. Olivia Mastrosimone, Project Archivist, processed the remaining collection materials and reprocessed the oral histories in 2026.

Folder titles in brackets were provided by Olivia Mastrosimone. The archivist moved administrative materials and photo duplicates from this collection to Brooklyn Historical Society institutional records (ARC.288), and discarded additional digital copies of oral history interviews and transcripts.

Repository

Center for Brooklyn History

Series 1: Oral histories, 1993–1994, inclusive

Language of Materials

English

Scope and Contents

Series 1: Oral histories contains oral history interviews on original and duplicate audio cassettes, along with interview transcripts. Some of the interviewees also donated materials for the exhibition. These materials are described in Series 2: Donated Materials, 1950–1994, of this finding aid.

Conditions Governing Access

Open to researchers with varied restrictions according to narrator agreement. Oral histories can be accessed onsite at the Center for Brooklyn History's Othmer Library and online on CBH's Oral History Portal. Administrative materials are open to researchers upon request and are accessible onsite at the Othmer Library. Original transcripts and analog interview A/V materials are not available for research.

Oral History Note

Oral history interviews are intimate conversations between two people, both of whom have generously agreed to share these recordings with the Center for Brooklyn History archives and with researchers. Please listen in the spirit with which these were shared. Researchers will understand that:

1. The Center for Brooklyn History abides by the General Principles & Best Practices for Oral History as agreed upon by the Oral History Association (2009) and expects that use of this material will be done with respect for these professional ethics.

2. Every oral history relies on the memories, views, and opinions of the narrator. Because of the personal nature of oral history, listeners may find some viewpoints or language of the recorded participants to be objectionable. In keeping with its mission of preservation and unfettered access whenever possible, CBH presents these views as recorded.

3. Transcripts created prior to 2008 serve as a guide to the interview and are not considered verbatim. The audio recording should be considered the primary source for each interview. It may contain natural false starts, verbal stumbles, misspeaks, repetitions that are common in conversation, and other passages and phrases omitted from the transcript. This decision was made because CBH gives primacy to the audible voice and also because some researchers do find useful information in these verbal patterns.

4. Unless these verbal patterns are germane to your scholarly work, when quoting from this material, researchers are encouraged to correct the grammar and make other modifications, maintaining the flavor of the narrator's speech while editing the material for the standards of print.

Related Materials

A small number of oral history interviewees were photographed. These portraits can be found in Series 4: Photography, 1970–1994.

Existence and Location of Copies

The transcripts and most of the interviews are available online on the Oral History Portal.

Conditions Governing Use

Use of the oral histories other than for private study, scholarship, or research requires the permission of CBH. For assistance, contact digitalcollections@bklynlibrary.org.

Asramon, Afealliah, August 22 1993

Box: 1, Cassette: 1 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 2, Cassette: 1 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 4, Folder: 1 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Language of Materials

English

Conditions Governing Access and Use

Access to this oral history is restricted by the donor. Please contact CBHReference@bklynlibrary.org with further questions.

Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements

One original audiocassette. One duplicate audiocassette.

One interview transcript.

Bernard, A.R., Reverend Dr., August 12 1993

Box: 1, Cassette: 2 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 2, Cassette: 2 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 4, Folder: 2 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Language of Materials

English

Scope and Contents

In the interview, Dr. Rev. A.R. Bernard discusses his childhood in Brooklyn, his experience with the Civil Rights Movement and the Nation of Islam, and his reasons for converting to Christianity. He remembers racial conflicts, violence, and the institutional segregation of the 1950s and 1960s. He reflects on the Black awareness that the Black Panthers and the Nation of Islam provided in the community during this period and relates this to his conversion experience. The interview concludes with a focus on the mission, makeup, and contributions of the Christian Life Center. He shares his views on what he sees as a breakdown of family and community, offering solutions aligned with the church's focus. He responds to questions concerning the riot of 1991 in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn. Interview conducted by Craig Wilder.

Biographical Note

Rev. Dr. A.R. Bernard was born in Panama City, Panama, in 1953. At the age of four, he and his mother, Adelina Fleming, an Olympic track star, immigrated to the United States. Rev. Bernard grew up in the Bedford-Stuyvesant and Bushwick neighborhoods of Brooklyn, where he attended public schools. He was bused to Ridgewood, Queens, in the 1960s to attend junior high and high school. Impacted by the racism and segregation he experienced, Rev. Dr. Bernard became interested in the Black Panthers and a follower of the Nation of Islam. On January 11, 1975, he became a Christian. At the time of the 1993 interview, he was ministering to 625 families in the Brooklyn neighborhood of Crown Heights. Focused on a conservative, family-centered, practical faith, Rev. Dr. Bernard is, as of 2026, the senior pastor of the Christian Cultural Center located at 1400 Linden Boulevard, Brooklyn, New York.

Conditions Governing Access and Use

Access to this recording is restricted by the donor. Please contact CBHReference@bklynlibrary.org with further questions.

Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements

One original audio cassette. One duplicate audio cassette.

One access .mp3 file.

One interview transcript.

Burston, Chaim, August 23 1993

Box: 1, Cassette: 3 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 2, Cassette: 3 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 4, Folder: 3 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Language of Materials

English

Scope and Contents

Burston recounts his youth, his travels to Israel, and his rediscovery of his religion. He also discusses meeting his wife, what it's like raising a large family in New York City, and touches on relations with his Afro-Caribbean neighbors in the aftermath of the 1991 riot in the Brooklyn neighborhood of Crown Heights. The interview ends with Burston playing his synthesizer keyboard. Interview conducted by Jill Vexler.

Biographical Note

Chaim Burston was born to Jewish-American parents in Pasadena, California. After enrolling at Tel Aviv University, Chaim traveled to Israel. After joining a Lubavitch Hasidic community as a baal teshuvah (a Jew returning to Orthodoxy), Burston returned to the United States to continue his studies in New York. It was in the Lubavitch community of Crown Heights, Brooklyn, where he met his wife Chana. The young couple married, purchased a home—and with Chaim becoming an elementary school teacher along the way—had eight children together. A musician, Burston had taken to playing melodies intended to accompany prayers.

Conditions Governing Access and Use

Original transcripts and analog interview A/V materials are not available for research. Access to the interview is available onsite at the Center for Brooklyn History's Othmer Library and online on CBH's Oral History Portal. Use of the oral histories other than for private study, scholarship, or research requires the permission of CBH. For assistance, contact digitalcollections@bklynlibrary.org.

Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements

One original audio cassette. One duplicate audio cassette.

One access .mp3 file.

One interview transcript.

Cattan, Rachel Lea, August 15 1993

Box: 1, Cassette: 4, Cassette: 1 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 1, Cassette: 4, Cassette: 2 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 2, Cassette: 4, Cassette: 1 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 2, Cassette: 4, Cassette: 2 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 4, Folder: 4 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Language of Materials

English

Scope and Contents

In the interview, Cattan discusses her childhood, immigration to the United States, her transition to an observant Jewish lifestyle, her divorce, and the racial tensions of the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn. Interview conducted by Aviva Segall.

Biographical Note

Rachel Lea Cattan, a Jewish resident of Crown Heights, was born to Polish parents in Novosibirsk, Siberia, in the former Soviet Union. At the age of eleven, her parents moved the family to Lodz, Poland, and a year later to Braslav. Then, at age thirteen, the family immigrated to the United States, settling in the East New York neighborhood of Brooklyn. Cattan attended New York public schools, including the Music and Art High School (now Fiorella H. LaGuardia High School). She completed her undergraduate degree in painting at the Pratt Institute. At the time of the 1993 interview, she was a public school teacher in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn and a divorced mother of four.

Conditions Governing Access and Use

This interview is restricted. Please contact CBHReference@bklynlibrary.org with further questions.

Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements

Two original audio cassettes. Two duplicate audio cassettes.

One access .mp3 file.

Crawford, Avroham (Avrohom), August 24 1993

Box: 1, Cassette: 5, Cassette: 1 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 1, Cassette: 5, Cassette: 2 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 2, Cassette: 5, Cassette: 1 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 2, Cassette: 5, Cassette: 2 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 4, Folder: 5 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Language of Materials

English

Scope and Contents

Avroham Crawford, in his late 40s, narrates his Irish Catholic upbringing, his early encounters with Jewish people, and his conversion to Orthodox Judaism. He describes how the Lubavitch community in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn has changed and grown in the years since he first moved there in 1970. He reflects on the religious community's acceptance of him as a Christian convert, on how his children have grown up Lubavitch, and on secular Jews who take up Orthodox practice as adults (known as baal teshuvah). When asked, he explains the extent of his interaction with the Black residents of Crown Heights. At various points throughout the interview, he dwells on religious subjects: how boys and girls are educated, how Judaism differs from Christianity, and how conversion for marriage differs from conversion for faith alone. Interview conducted by Jill Vexler.

Biographical Note

Avroham Crawford grew up in the Sunset Park neighborhood of Brooklyn, the son of Irish-Catholic immigrants from Newfoundland. He was raised in the church, but considered converting to Judaism while studying for his bachelor's degree in philosophy at NYU, where he worked as a librarian at the time of this interview. He moved to the Brooklyn neighborhood of Crown Heights in 1970 and, shortly afterward, converted to Orthodox Judaism with assistance from Rabbi Yisroel Jacobson. He chose the Jewish name "Avroham" at this time. In 1975, he married Suri Perlman, and they had three children: Nechama, Yitzhak, and Yisroel. He died in 2011.

Conditions Governing Access and Use

Original transcripts and analog interview A/V materials are not available for research. Access to the interview is available onsite at the Center for Brooklyn History's Othmer Library and online on CBH's Oral History Portal. Use of the oral histories other than for private study, scholarship, or research requires the permission of CBH. For assistance, contact digitalcollections@bklynlibrary.org.

Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements

Two original audio cassettes. Two duplicate audio cassettes.

One access .mp3 file.

One interview transcript.

Crawford, Nechama, Yisroel Crawford and Suri Crawford, August 25 1993

Box: 1, Cassette: 6 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 2, Cassette: 6 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 4, Folder: 6 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Language of Materials

English

Scope and Contents

Nechama and Yisroel—respectively in twelfth and sixth grade at the time of the interview—talk about their experience growing up in the Lubavitch community of the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn. They describe the various forms of religious education and practice within Hasidic Judaism, as well as the expectations and roles laid out for young girls and boys. Nechama reflects on her community's relationship with the "outside," especially the Black residents of Crown Heights and the non-Jewish residents of the rest of New York City. Suri, their mother, talks about her children's education, the role of women in her religion, the cost of living in Brooklyn, and her Modern Orthodox upbringing. Interview conducted by Jill Vexler.

Biographical Note

Nechama Crawford was raised in the Brooklyn neighborhood of Crown Heights. She attended a private Lubavitch school, Bais Rivkah, from kindergarten through twelfth grade. At her Bat Mitzvah, she read from the Genesis chapter Chayei Sarah, or "The Life of Sarah." Her younger brother, Yisroel, attended Oholei Torah—a Lubavitch school that focuses on religious education and teaches exclusively in Hebrew and Yiddish—before switching to Lubavitch Yeshiva. Their mother, Suri, grew up in Holyoke, Massachusetts, and had a Modern Orthodox upbringing among her Litvish (Latvian Jewish) family.

Conditions Governing Access and Use

Access to this recording is restricted by the donor. Please contact CBHReference@bklynlibrary.org with further questions.

Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements

One original audio cassette. One duplicate audio cassette.

One access .mp3 file.

One interview transcript.

De Shong, Roxanne, August 29 1993

Box: 1, Cassette: 7 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 2, Cassette: 7 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 4, Folder: 7 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Language of Materials

English

Scope and Contents

In the interview, De Shong discusses the cultural differences between Caribbean- and American-born people, the stereotypes associated with West Indians and Jamaicans, and the changes in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn from when she arrived in the 1970s to the time of the interview in 1993. She specifically notes the presence of crime, violence, and drugs. The two also discussed misperceptions between the Lubavitch and Black residents, and what she perceives to be inequities in housing and safety, as well as the struggle to live in Crown Heights and her son's relationship with Gavin Cato. Interview conducted by Craig Wilder.

Biographical Note

Roxanne De Shong was born in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. She immigrated to Brooklyn in the 1970s with her parents and settled on Crown Street in the Crown Heights neighborhood. Her father sold life insurance and her mother worked near the family home at Woolworth's. She went to a public school in the East New York neighborhood of Brooklyn for one year, then to Holy Spirit Catholic School for grades two to eight. She attended Clara Barton High School and then Hostoff's in The Bronx. De Shong studied to become a Dental Assistant in high school and worked at several offices in New York City. De Shong has children, including one son whose father was shot and killed in a drug-related incident in the Harlem neighborhood of Manhattan, which she mentioned in her interview.

Conditions Governing Access and Use

Original transcripts and analog interview A/V materials are not available for research. Access to the interview is available onsite at the Center for Brooklyn History's Othmer Library and online on CBH's Oral History Portal. Use of the oral histories other than for private study, scholarship, or research requires the permission of CBH. For assistance, contact digitalcollections@bklynlibrary.org.

Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements

One original audio cassette. One duplicate audio cassette.

One access .mp3 file.

One interview transcript.

Goldman, Esther, August 16 1993

Box: 1, Cassette: 8 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 2, Cassette: 8 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 4, Folder: 8 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Language of Materials

English

Scope and Contents

Esther Goldman discusses her upbringing in Poland, East New York, and on Eastern Parkway in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn. She recalls the growing Lubavitch movement of the mid- to late twentieth century, and traces her own life's journey through discussions on faith, family, neighbors, white flight, and historic events. She ends with a discussion about the 1991 Crown Heights riot and its aftermath. Interview conducted by Aviva Segall.

Biographical Note

Esther Goldman was born in Poland in 1926. An observant Jew from birth, she came to New York with her mother and siblings in 1934, joining her father, who had arrived two years earlier. After living in the East New York neighborhood of Brooklyn for several years, Goldman's family moved to Eastern Parkway in the Crown Heights neighborhood in 1941. After marrying and briefly living in Philadelphia, Goldman returned to Crown Heights with her husband, and they had four children together. With Goldman's children grown and out of the house, she began working for a company on Broadway and Spring Street in Manhattan.

Conditions Governing Access and Use

Original transcripts and analog interview A/V materials are not available for research. Access to the interview is available onsite at the Center for Brooklyn History's Othmer Library and online on CBH's Oral History Portal. Use of the oral histories other than for private study, scholarship, or research requires the permission of CBH. For assistance, contact digitalcollections@bklynlibrary.org.

Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements

One original audio cassette. One duplicate audio cassette.

One access .mp3 file.

One interview transcript.

Haynes, Joseph Harold, August 31 1993

Box: 1, Cassette: 9 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 2, Cassette: 9 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 4, Folder: 9 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Language of Materials

English

Scope and Contents

In the interview, Haynes discusses growing up in central Brooklyn during the 1940s and '50s, the importance of family, racial segregation, his passion for aviation, the Muse Community Museum, the founding of the Society for the Preservation of Weeksville, the 1991 riot in the Brooklyn neighborhood of Crown Heights, and the future of race relations. Interview conducted by Craig Wilder.

Biographical Note

Joseph Harold Haynes grew up in the Bedford-Stuyvesant and Crown Heights neighborhoods of Brooklyn. He attended Haaren High School for aviation studies and received a degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Missouri. Haynes was employed as a mechanical engineer for the New York City Transit Authority and as an accident investigator for the National Transportation Safety Board. He was a licensed commercial pilot and flight instructor. A contributor to the now-defunct New Museum Community Museum, Haynes was a founding member of the Society for the Preservation of Weeksville. Haynes was in his 60s at the time of his interview. He died March 2, 1997.

Conditions Governing Access and Use

Original transcripts and analog interview A/V materials are not available for research. Access to the interview is available onsite at the Center for Brooklyn History's Othmer Library and online on CBH's Oral History Portal. Use of the oral histories other than for private study, scholarship, or research requires the permission of CBH. For assistance, contact digitalcollections@bklynlibrary.org.

Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements

One original audio cassette. One duplicate audio cassette.

One access .mp3 file.

One interview transcript.

Ince, Iyedun, August 15 1993

Box: 1, Cassette: 10 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 2, Cassette: 10 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 5, Folder: 1 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Language of Materials

English

Scope and Contents

The narrator discusses his childhood in the Brooklyn neighborhood of Crown Heights, his disillusionment in high school, and the decline of the youth culture in Crown Heights. He describes his own struggle to define himself and free himself from the pressures of his generation. He discusses possible approaches to changing the neighborhood's social environment and concludes the interview with advice for the youth of Crown Heights. Interview conducted by Craig Wilder.

Biographical Note

At the time of the 1993 interview, Iyedun Ince, an African-American resident of Crown Heights, was twenty years old. Born in Harlem, New York, he and his brother Ojo Ashegun were raised by a single mother in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn. He attended parochial and public schools in the area and graduated from Brooklyn Technical High School. As of 2016, Iyedun is a djembe musician and teacher in New York City.

Conditions Governing Access and Use

Original transcripts and analog interview A/V materials are not available for research. Access to the interview is available onsite at the Center for Brooklyn History's Othmer Library and online on CBH's Oral History Portal. Use of the oral histories other than for private study, scholarship, or research requires the permission of CBH. For assistance, contact digitalcollections@bklynlibrary.org.

Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements

One original audio cassette. One duplicate audio cassette.

One access .mp3 file.

One interview transcript.

Jacobson, Simon, August 19 1993

Box: 1, Cassette: 11 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 2, Cassette: 11 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 5, Folder: 2 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Language of Materials

English

Scope and Contents

Rabbi Simon Jacobson narrates his childhood in Crown Heights during the 1950s and '60s, recounting how the ethnic and religious composition of the Brooklyn neighborhood (including among different Hasidic movements) has changed throughout his lifetime. He explains the religious reasons why the Lubavitch have stayed in Crown Heights when other Jewish groups have left, and he addresses various subjects related to home-ownership, including the role played by the Crown Heights Jewish Community Council and the perception that the Lubavitch want to drive Black and Caribbean residents out of the neighborhood. He describes the Lubavitch community's relationship with non-Jews and non-practicing Jews, dwelling on the concept of "chosenness." He and the interviewer discuss possible venues for outreach and cultural "translation," especially of Jewish holidays and the concept of Moshiach (or messiah). Interview conducted by Jill Vexler.

Biographical Note

Rabbi Simon Jacobson was born in the Brooklyn neighborhood of Crown Heights in 1956. Observant from birth, he attended Lubavitch Yeshiva and lived on St. Marks Avenue before moving to Sullivan Place. His father was Gershon Jacobson, founder and publisher of the Yiddish-language Hasidic newspaper Der Algemeiner. For several years, Jacobson worked as the editor and translator of speeches by the Lubavitch Rebbe, Menachem Schneerson. Later, he became the director of Vaad Hanochos Hatmimim, a foundation that promotes Schneerson's teachings. A noted teacher in the community, he founded a Lubavitch organization for outreach and education called the Meaningful Life Center, based on Eastern Parkway.

Conditions Governing Access and Use

Original transcripts and analog interview A/V materials are not available for research. Access to the interview is available onsite at the Center for Brooklyn History's Othmer Library and online on CBH's Oral History Portal. Use of the oral histories other than for private study, scholarship, or research requires the permission of CBH. For assistance, contact digitalcollections@bklynlibrary.org.

Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements

One original audio cassette. One duplicate audio cassette.

One access .mp3 file.

One interview transcript.

Kamman, Baila, October 17 1993

Box: 1, Cassette: 12, Cassette: 1 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 1, Cassette: 12, Cassette: 2 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 2, Cassette: 12, Cassette: 1 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 2, Cassette: 12, Cassette: 2 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 5, Folder: 3 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Language of Materials

English

Scope and Contents

Kamman, in her 40s, discusses her secular upbringing in a Bronx neighborhood filled with both Reform and Orthodox Jews, her college years in Queens, and her life as a young public elementary school teacher during the 1970s. She recounts the experience of being in Israel during the 1973 Arab-Israeli War and the steps leading up to her eventual entry into the world of Lubavitch Hasidism, as well as how this new conservative lifestyle contradicted many of her personal values. Kamman also details the courtship that led to her marriage, remembers escalating racial tensions leading up to the Crown Heights neighborhood riot of 1991, and explains how her father's death inspired her to attain a law degree while raising five children. Interview conducted by Aviva Segall.

Biographical Note

Baila Kamman was born in the Bronx, New York, to middle-class, secular Jewish parents. While on a summer vacation during her stint as a New York City public school teacher, she was traveling in Israel during the 1973 Arab-Israeli War. Kamman explains that the experience left her with a renewed interest in her religion. Opting to relocate to the Brooklyn neighborhood of Crown Heights with a group of women seeking an Orthodox Jewish lifestyle, Kamman and her friends faced a steep learning curve as they tried to navigate the traditions and mores of their new community. She married and completed a law degree while raising five children. After briefly relocating to Rockland County, New York, in the late 1980s, Kamman and her husband were once again residing in Crown Heights in 1993.

Conditions Governing Access and Use

Original transcripts and analog interview A/V materials are not available for research. Access to the interview is available onsite at the Center for Brooklyn History's Othmer Library and online on CBH's Oral History Portal. Use of the oral histories other than for private study, scholarship, or research requires the permission of CBH. For assistance, contact digitalcollections@bklynlibrary.org.

Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements

Two original audio cassettes. Two duplicate audio cassettes.

One access .mp3 file.

One interview transcript.

Kleinman, Zalman, July 21 1993

Box: 1, Cassette: 13 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 2, Cassette: 13 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Language of Materials

English

Scope and Contents

In the interview, the narrator discusses his childhood in the Soviet Union, his adoption, life after World War II, immigrating to Paris, Israel, and New York, meeting his wife, family life in the Brooklyn neighborhood of Crown Heights, being an artist in a religious community, and the making of a what he regards as a good family. Interview conducted by Jill Vexler.

Biographical Note

Zalman Kleinman was born in 1933 in Leningrad, the former Soviet Union, to a Lubavitch family. After the death of his parents, he and his sister were sent to Siberia, where a rabbi adopted him. For a time he lived amongst the Bukharian Jews in Samarkand. Kleinman immigrated to Paris, where he studied at an underground Lubavitch yeshiva. From Paris, he traveled to Israel, where he began painting. He returned to Paris, where he met and married his wife Rosa. In 1958, they immigrated to New York City and to the Brooklyn neighborhood of Crown Heights. Kleinman was an illustrator and artist known for painting Hasidic life. He died in 1995.

Conditions Governing Access and Use

Original transcripts and analog interview A/V materials are not available for research. Access to the interview is available onsite at the Center for Brooklyn History's Othmer Library and online on CBH's Oral History Portal. Use of the oral histories other than for private study, scholarship, or research requires the permission of CBH. For assistance, contact digitalcollections@bklynlibrary.org.

Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements

One original audio cassette. One duplicate audio cassette.

One access .mp3 file.

Kosher Cookbook Committee, 1993

Box: 1, Cassette: 14, Cassette: 1 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 1, Cassette: 14, Cassette: 2 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 2, Cassette: 14, Cassette: 1 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 2, Cassette: 14, Cassette: 2 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 5, Folder: 4 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Language of Materials

English

Biographical Note

Esther Blau, in her forties with twelve children, was born into a Lubavitch family in the Midwest and moved to the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn when she married. She gathered colleagues of the Cookbook Committee to discuss many aspects of life in Crown Heights.

Conditions Governing Access and Use

Access to this recording is restricted by the donor. Please contact CBHReference@bklynlibrary.org with further questions.

Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements

Two original audio cassettes. Two duplicate audio cassettes.

One interview transcript.

Lezama, Carlos, May 13 1993

Box: 1, Cassette: 15 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 2, Cassette: 15 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 5, Folder: 5 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Language of Materials

English

Scope and Contents

Lezama spends much of his narration recounting the many years he has lived in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn. He describes his life in Venezuela as a young man, his experience of moving to New York on his own, and the steps he took toward settlement and eventual homeownership. He relates the personal facts of his life to the observations he has made about Caribbean immigrants in general, and he compares the openness of the present-day West Indian community to the more isolated environment that he encountered when he first arrived in the 1950s. In particular, he describes an improvement in relations between West Indian immigrants and American-born Black people (an increasing number of whom, he notes, are from the southern United States). He tells the history of the Labor Day Carnival (or West Indian Day Parade), which he had been leading for twenty-six years. He notes that the parade has long been a source of tension and debate with the Hasidic Jews of Eastern Parkway, and he ascribes the 1991 unrest that erupted around the deaths of Gavin Cato and Yankel Rosenbaum, in part, to this tension. Interview conducted by Craig Wilder.

Biographical Note

Carlos Lezama was born in 1923 in Coro, Venezuela. He grew up in Trinidad but later returned to Venezuela, where he was an auto worker for General Motors and Chrysler, as well as a mechanic in Caracas specializing in dental machinery. After that, he departed for a job as a merchant mariner. It was during his travels as a seaman that he first visited the United States and eventually resolved to move to New York City, which he did, alone, in 1954. He had lived in Manhattan for about two years when he moved to Crown Heights after noticing the greater movement of Caribbean people into the neighborhood. Soon after his move, his wife and children joined him. They were all congregants at Saint Gregory Catholic Church. He continued to work as a mechanic, taking vocational courses to supplement his training, and bought a home on St. Johns Place. During this time, he became a prominent figure in the cultural life of the West Indian residents of Crown Heights.

Along with Rufus (Lionel) Gorin, he was a key organizer of the first Carnival parade on Eastern Parkway, now commonly known as the West Indian American Day Parade, in 1969. When Gorin died, Lezama was elected the first president of the West Indian American Day Carnival Association (WIADCA), a position he held until his retirement in 2002. He died in 2007.

Conditions Governing Access and Use

Original transcripts and analog interview A/V materials are not available for research. Access to the interview is available onsite at the Center for Brooklyn History's Othmer Library and online on CBH's Oral History Portal. Use of the oral histories other than for private study, scholarship, or research requires the permission of CBH. For assistance, contact digitalcollections@bklynlibrary.org.

Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements

One original audio cassette. One duplicate audio cassette.

One access .mp3 file.

One interview transcript.

Lubavitch Child Rearing Discussion, December 15 1993

Box: 1, Cassette: 16, Cassette: 1 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 1, Cassette: 16, Cassette: 2 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 2, Cassette: 16, Cassette: 1 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 2, Cassette: 16, Cassette: 2 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 5, Folder: 6 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Language of Materials

English

Conditions Governing Access and Use

Access to this recording is restricted by the donor. Please contact CBHReference@bklynlibrary.org with further questions.

Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements

Two original audio cassettes. Two duplicate audio cassettes.

One interview transcript.

Meshchaninov, Bracha, June 14 1993

Box: 1, Cassette: 17 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 2, Cassette: 17 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Language of Materials

English

Scope and Contents

In the interview, Bracha Meshchaninov discusses her childhood and family in Johannesburg, South Africa, her religious education in Israel, being a baal teshuvah (a Jew converted to Orthodoxy), her courtship and marriage to a Russian baal teshuvah, navigating a newly religious identity, the physical decline of the Rebbe and the spiritual ramifications within Lubavitch Hasidim, and moving from the Brooklyn neighborhood of Crown Heights. Interview conducted by Jill Vexler.

Biographical Note

Bracha Meshchaninov was born in Johannesburg, South Africa. At fourteen, she began seeking a deeper connection to her Jewish faith and, at eighteen, traveled to Jerusalem to attend Neve Yerushalayim, an all-girls religious school. After graduating from the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg with degrees in English, guidance counseling, and education, she returned to Israel. At twenty-two, Bracha traveled to the United States, where she studied with Lubavitch Hasidim. She soon dedicated herself to Yiddishkeit (a Yiddish word meaning "Jewishness") and married her husband Ilya. At the time of the 1993 interview, she was in her thirties and a photographer living in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn. She now lives in Rockland County, New York, where she is an educator and Yoga teacher.

Conditions Governing Access and Use

Original transcripts and analog interview A/V materials are not available for research. Access to the interview is available onsite at the Center for Brooklyn History's Othmer Library and online on CBH's Oral History Portal. Use of the oral histories other than for private study, scholarship, or research requires the permission of CBH. For assistance, contact digitalcollections@bklynlibrary.org.

Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements

One original audio cassette. One duplicate audio cassette.

One access .mp3 file.

Meshchaninov, Moshe, August 18 1993

Box: 1, Cassette: 18 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 2, Cassette: 18 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 5, Folder: 7 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Language of Materials

English

Scope and Contents

In the interview, Meshchaninov discusses life as a Jew in Russia, his conversion to Orthodoxy, the family's immigration to the United States, and the Hasidic community. He suggests resolutions to the tensions in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn. Interview conducted by Aviva Segall.

Biographical Note

Moshe Meshchaninov was born in Leningrad in the former Soviet Union in 1954. As a young engineer, Moshe was influenced by his younger brother and began exploring religious Judaism. This led to the family immigrating to the United States in the early 1980s, where he discovered the Brooklyn neighborhood of Crown Heights and the Lubavitch community. He met and married his wife, Yuhudis Chana, also a baal teshuvah (a Jew who has returned to Orthodoxy). In 2015, Meshchaninov was a resident of the Lubavitch community of Monsey, New York, and the principal of a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning corporation.

Conditions Governing Access and Use

Original transcripts and analog interview A/V materials are not available for research. Access to the interview is available onsite at the Center for Brooklyn History's Othmer Library and online on CBH's Oral History Portal. Use of the oral histories other than for private study, scholarship, or research requires the permission of CBH. For assistance, contact digitalcollections@bklynlibrary.org.

Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements

One original audio cassette. One duplicate audio cassette.

One access .mp3 file.

One interview transcript.

Milfort, Fritznel, August 17 1993

Box: 1, Cassette: 19 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 2, Cassette: 19 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 5, Folder: 8 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Language of Materials

English

Scope and Contents

In his interview, Milfort discusses his immigration and his accomplishments in education and business. He also suggests ways the Caribbean and Black communities in Crown Heights can support each other. Interview conducted by Craig Wilder.

Biographical Note

Fritznel Milfort was born and raised in Haiti. In 1972, he immigrated to the United States, where he was reunited with his mother and sister. He attended Thomas Jefferson High School in Brooklyn, New York. Milfort completed an undergraduate degree in accounting and a master's degree at Long Island University. He is a licensed Certified Public Accountant who has worked for the Internal Revenue Service, the Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority, Mitchell/Titus and Oppenheimer, and Appel and Dixon. At the time of the interview in 1993, Milfort ran several businesses in the Church Avenue area of the Brooklyn neighborhood of Flatbush. For most of his time in the United States, he has lived in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn. As of 2026, he operates his own accounting firm in Crown Heights.

Conditions Governing Access and Use

Original transcripts and analog interview A/V materials are not available for research. Access to the interview is available onsite at the Center for Brooklyn History's Othmer Library and online on CBH's Oral History Portal. Use of the oral histories other than for private study, scholarship, or research requires the permission of CBH. For assistance, contact digitalcollections@bklynlibrary.org.

Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements

One original audio cassette. One duplicate audio cassette.

One access .mp3 file.

One interview transcript.

Morris, Evelyn, July 30 1993

Box: 1, Cassette: 20 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 2, Cassette: 20 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 5, Folder: 9 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Language of Materials

English

Scope and Contents

Morris discusses the racial, religious, and cultural tensions existing in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn as a Black woman living in the area. The core of the interview is a reflection on the cause of the racial tensions between Black and Jewish residents in the neighborhood and her experience of the Crown Heights riot. Interview conducted by Craig Wilder.

Biographical Note

Evelyn Morris, a Black resident of Crown Heights, was born in Blackville, South Carolina, in 1935. At the age of eleven, she moved to New York City with her sister to reunite with her mother. She spent the remainder of her childhood in the Bedford-Stuyvesant neighborhood of Brooklyn. In 1972, she moved with her six children to the Brooklyn neighborhood of Crown Heights. At the time of the 1993 interview, Morris was working in a school cafeteria and still living in the same apartment. A number of her children and grandchildren live nearby. She was also employed as a food supervisor for the New York City Board of Education.

Conditions Governing Access and Use

One original audio cassette. One duplicate audio cassette.

One access .mp3 file.

One interview transcript.

Conditions Governing Access

Original transcripts and analog interview A/V materials are not available for research. Access to the interview is available onsite at the Center for Brooklyn History's Othmer Library and online on CBH's Oral History Portal. Use of the oral histories other than for private study, scholarship, or research requires the permission of CBH. For assistance, contact digitalcollections@bklynlibrary.org.

Neil, Clive, Rev. Dr., July 29 1993

Box: 1, Cassette: 21 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 2, Cassette: 21 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 5, Folder: 10 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Language of Materials

English

Scope and Contents

Rev. Dr. Clive E. Neil discusses the misperceptions and strengths of Jamaicans and Jamaican Americans. He recalls the hardship of leaving family and country, his time in higher education, and inner-city volunteer work. He describes the ethnic makeup of his congregation on the border of the Crown Heights and Bedford-Stuyvesant neighborhoods of Brooklyn and how the diversity of these neighborhoods is both a tool for education and something to celebrate. Neil points out family and community causes he actively supports, such as a Men's Ministry at his church and the Nehemiah Homes effort. He also describes the transformation of the area's Black churches brought on by the influx of young ministers. He shares his views on the community turmoil and violence related to the deaths of Gavin Cato and Yankel Rosenbaum, the reaction of the local clergy, and what he feels to be unfair media coverage on the matter. Interview conducted by Craig Wilder.

Biographical Note

Born in Mandeville, Jamaica, in 1959, Rev. Dr. Clive E. Neil came to the United States on a soccer scholarship. He was an honors student at Eastern University and a fellow at Princeton University. He has a master's degree in Divinity and a doctorate in Counseling from Drew University. He was ordained and served as minister at Tremont Presbyterian Church in the Bronx from 1985 to 1988. His pastorship at Bedford-Central Presbyterian Church began in 1988. He has written three books, taught and lectured at area colleges, and enrolled as a Ministry Leadership Network scholar. Rev. Dr. Neil has two children. As of 2026, Rev. Dr. Neil is the Senior Pastor at the Bedford Central Presbyterian Church.

Conditions Governing Access and Use

Original transcripts and analog interview A/V materials are not available for research. Access to the interview is available onsite at the Center for Brooklyn History's Othmer Library and online on CBH's Oral History Portal. Use of the oral histories other than for private study, scholarship, or research requires the permission of CBH. For assistance, contact digitalcollections@bklynlibrary.org.

Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements

One original audio cassette. One duplicate audio cassette.

One access .mp3 file.

One interview transcript.

Oka, Basha, August 11 1993

Box: 1, Cassette: 22 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 2, Cassette: 22 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 6, Folder: 1 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Language of Materials

English

Scope and Contents

In the interview, Oka describes her spiritual awakening, explains her understanding of the Lubavitch Rebbe and the Messianic Lubavitch movement, reflects on her experiences as a baal teshuvah (a Jew who returns to Orthodoxy), and expounds on the racial climate in the Brooklyn neighborhood of Crown Heights after the 1991 riots. Interview conducted by Jill Vexler.

Biographical Note

At the time of the interview in 1993, Basha Oka was a forty-one-year-old Lubavitch baal teshuvah (a Jew returned to Orthodoxy) living in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn and working in public relations. Originally from Miami Beach, Florida, Oka was raised in a Conservative Jewish home. Her father was mayor of Miami Beach. She attended Northwestern University and transferred to Barnard, from which she graduated. She attended Yale for a master's degree in theater.

Conditions Governing Access and Use

Access to this recording is restricted by the donor. Please contact CBHReference@bklynlibrary.org with further questions.

Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements

One original audio cassette. One duplicate audio cassette.

One access .mp3 file.

One interview transcript.

Pikus, Sharon, October 1 1993

Box: 1, Cassette: 23 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 2, Cassette: 23 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 6, Folder: 2 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Language of Materials

English

Scope and Contents

Sharon Pikus reflects on her upbringing, specifically in Brooklyn in the 1950s. She discusses her immigrant grandparents and the beginnings of the family's real estate business. She recalls Wingate High School as an important part of her life. Pikus also discusses the challenge of being a young woman and what she views as the anti-egalitarian nature of a Hebrew education and practicing Conservative Judaism. She speaks of her feminism, Zionism, and thoughts on the Civil Rights Movement. Pikus shares her insight into the racial and financial makeup of the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn she remembers and the neighborhood in days of civil unrest. Interview conducted by Jill Vexler.

Biographical Note

Sharon Pikus was born in 1945 and raised in apartments on Rockaway Parkway and St. Marks Avenue in the Brooklyn neighborhood of Crown Heights. She attended two elementary public schools and Wingate High School, graduating in 1962. After two years at the University of Buffalo, she transferred to Syracuse University, where she completed her bachelor's degree. She obtained a master's degree from the Teachers' College at Columbia University. Both degrees were in Special Education for the Visually Impaired. She worked part-time as a teacher for over fifteen years before joining the four-generation family real estate business. Working with her husband, Rubin Pikus, she serves as Chief Operating Officer and Secretary of Milbrook Properties, Ltd. She's a mother of two daughters, a grandmother, and has co-chaired the Commission for Women's Equality of the American Jewish Congress.

Conditions Governing Access and Use

Access to this recording is restricted by the donor. Please contact CBHReference@bklynlibrary.org with further questions.

Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements

One original audio cassette. One duplicate audio cassette.

One access .mp3 file.

One interview transcript.

Pointer, Louvenia, May 7 1993

Box: 1, Cassette: 24 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 2, Cassette: 24 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 6, Folder: 3 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Language of Materials

English

Scope and Contents

Louvenia Pointer says very little about her life before moving to the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn. She recounts searching for and finding the Carroll Street home she and her husband bought. Race is discussed in the context of public schools and the neighborhood. She remembers the events that led her from teaching music privately to public education. Pointer describes her participation in the block association, past and present, as well as the neighborhood children, historically, and children in general. Finally, she talks about the flaws in people that can lead to neighborhood tension, and how best to heal that tension. Interview conducted by Craig Wilder.

Biographical Note

Louvenia Pointer, a Black woman born in 1916 as Louvenia White, was raised in Holly Hill, South Carolina, until 1926. She then lived in Harlem and the Bronx in New York City while working as a professional pianist, organist, and soprano. She studied Music Education at New York University and was cast in many Broadway productions, working with artists and thespians including Noel Coward and Ossie Davis. Pointer directed the National Youth Administration Radio Workshop chorus in 1943. She married William Davis Pointer, Sr. in 1947. Moving to the Brooklyn neighborhood of Crown Heights in 1954, they raised three children. Retired from the theater, Pointer worked as a music teacher in several Brooklyn schools as well as privately. She was active in civic affairs and participated in her block association and the Brooklyn Women's Coalition. She founded the Great Day Chorale, a touring a cappella group, in 1987. She died in 2009.

Conditions Governing Access and Use

Original transcripts and analog interview A/V materials are not available for research. Access to the interview is available onsite at the Center for Brooklyn History's Othmer Library and online on CBH's Oral History Portal. Use of the oral histories other than for private study, scholarship, or research requires the permission of CBH. For assistance, contact digitalcollections@bklynlibrary.org.

Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements

One original audio cassette. One duplicate audio cassette.

One access .mp3 file.

One interview transcript.

Pointer, William D., Jr., Rev., August 10 1993

Box: 1, Cassette: 25 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 2, Cassette: 25 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 6, Folder: 4 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Language of Materials

English

Scope and Contents

In the interview, Reverend William D. Pointer, Jr. recalls his childhood, his relationship with his best friend from the Jewish family next door, and home ownership of different ethnic groups in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn. He describes his activism as a teenager during the Black Power movement and how the African Student Association effected change. When describing the climate that led to the cultural turmoil in Crown Heights in 1991, Reverend Pointer looks to the differing ways the nation and its varying cultures value family and community. Interview conducted by Craig Wilder.

Biographical Note

Reverend William D. Pointer, Jr. was born to William and Louvenia Pointer in New York City in 1952. He was raised on Carroll St. in the Brooklyn neighborhood of Crown Heights, along with a brother and sister. Pointer graduated from George W. Wingate High School in 1970. He is married to Elder Lillie Pointer, who serves with him at the Christian Cultural Center (CCC). Since 1992, Rev. Pointer has served at CCC as Associate Pastor and Senior Elder, as well as the Director of the Performing Arts Ministry. He and his wife have traveled and ministered across the globe. In 2009, his book "Moving from Pain to Power" was published. As of 2026, Rev. Dr. Pointer is an Associate Pastor and Senior Elder at the CCC.

Conditions Governing Access and Use

Original transcripts and analog interview A/V materials are not available for research. Access to the interview is available onsite at the Center for Brooklyn History's Othmer Library and online on CBH's Oral History Portal. Use of the oral histories other than for private study, scholarship, or research requires the permission of CBH. For assistance, contact digitalcollections@bklynlibrary.org.

Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements

One original audio cassette. One duplicate audio cassette.

One access .mp3 file.

One interview transcript.

Roberts, Carl E., July 22 1993

Box: 1, Cassette: 26 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 2, Cassette: 26 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 6, Folder: 5 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Language of Materials

English

Scope and Contents

Carl E. Roberts discusses misconceptions about Jamaicans and Jamaican Americans, his educational and professional experiences, and his community activism. He speaks directly about the real and perceived rifts between the Black communities and the Orthodox and Hasidim communities in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn, and ways he thinks community members can improve relations. Roberts offers his insight into the changes in real estate ownership within Crown Heights over several decades and how these changes affect the neighborhood. Interview conducted by Craig Wilder.

Biographical Note

A Jamaican American, Carl E. Roberts has lived in Brooklyn for all his adult life. He emigrated in 1954 while still in his teens, when his family moved to the Brooklyn neighborhood of Bedford-Stuyvesant. He worked full-time at a Macy's department store while attending Brooklyn College part-time. His family moved to the Crown Heights neighborhood in 1958. After serving in the Army for over two years, he took a job as a bank teller. Roberts, an Investment Banking major, completed his education at New York University. He went to work for New York Life Insurance and also started a tax consulting business at home with help from his wife. For much of the 1980s, Roberts was a local politician and community activist, serving on Community Board Nine and related committees. He ran three unsuccessful campaigns for a seat in the New York State Assembly.

Conditions Governing Access and Use

Original transcripts and analog interview A/V materials are not available for research. Access to the interview is available onsite at the Center for Brooklyn History's Othmer Library and online on CBH's Oral History Portal. Use of the oral histories other than for private study, scholarship, or research requires the permission of CBH. For assistance, contact digitalcollections@bklynlibrary.org.

Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements

One original audio cassette. One duplicate audio cassette.

One access .mp3 file.

One interview transcript.

Rubovzkin, Bella, and Gabriel Rubovzkin, May 12 1993

Box: 1, Cassette: 27, Cassette: 1 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 1, Cassette: 27, Cassette: 2 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 3, Cassette: 27, Cassette: 1 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 3, Cassette: 27, Cassette: 2 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 6, Folder: 6 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Language of Materials

English

Scope and Contents

Bella Rubovzkin discusses some traditions, teachings, and social practices of the Lubavitch community. She and her husband Gabriel talk about their displacement in Europe and Russia during and after World War II, the changing ethnicities of the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn, changes in where Jews have settled in the New York City area since the 1950s, and job opportunities for their neighbors and relatives. They discuss their observations of the ethnic and racial tensions of Crown Heights from the 1970s through to the 1991 riots and beyond. Bella also offers her thoughts on the strife within the community and ways of reconciliation. Interview conducted by Jill Vexler.

Biographical Note

Bella (Biela) Rubovzkin was born in 1933 in Krolevets, Ukraine. Observant from birth, she fled her home village as World War II intensified in 1941. She and her family migrated east to Saratov, Russia, and then further east until the war's end. She met her future husband, Gabriel Rubaszkin, a Russian Jew, in Samarkand, Uzbekistan. Religious persecution forced their move to the United States after passing through several countries. During their five-year stay in France, Bella and Gabriel were married. They arrived in New York in 1954. By 1958, they had settled in the Brooklyn neighborhood of Crown Heights and began raising a family. By 1993, they were grandparents. They sold their Carroll Street home in 2005 and have since resided in White Lake, New York, and Miami Beach, Florida.

Conditions Governing Access and Use

Original transcripts and analog interview A/V materials are not available for research. Access to the interview is available onsite at the Center for Brooklyn History's Othmer Library and online on CBH's Oral History Portal. Use of the oral histories other than for private study, scholarship, or research requires the permission of CBH. For assistance, contact digitalcollections@bklynlibrary.org.

Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements

Two original audio cassettes. Two duplicate audio cassettes.

One access .mp3 file.

One interview transcript.

Segall, Aviva, August 9 1993

Box: 1, Cassette: 28 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 3, Cassette: 28 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 6, Folder: 7 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Language of Materials

English

Scope and Contents

Aviva Segall discusses her first contacts with the Hasidic community as a teenager, the events that led to her joining the Lubavitch community, and the differences between her observant Conservative upbringing and her current Hasidic lifestyle. She examines the pros and cons of the secular and religious worlds, life as a baal teshuvah (Jews returned to Orthodoxy), cultural faux pas in the Orthodox enclave of the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn, and the authority of the Lubavitch spiritual leader, or Rebbe. Race relations, neighborhood transitions, education, and politics are also discussed. Interview conducted by Jill Vexler.

Biographical Note

Aviva Segall grew up in Youngstown, Ohio, in a Conservative Jewish family. Aviva first became acquainted with Hasidism at a Lubavitch-sponsored youth event in her hometown at the age of fourteen. Four years later, Aviva met a Hasidic woman at a women's conference in Minnesota who invited Segall to attend her wedding in Crown Heights. She traveled to Brooklyn and formed her first impressions of the neighborhood. She eventually joined other formerly secular women as baal teshuvah (Jews who returned to Orthodoxy) and immersed herself in the Hasidic lifestyle of Crown Heights. Some years later, Segall got married and began a family with her husband. At the time of the 1993 interview, she was a research assistant on the Crown Heights History Project and a twenty-year resident of Crown Heights.

Conditions Governing Access and Use

Access to this recording is restricted by the donor. Please contact CBHReference@bklynlibrary.org with further questions.

Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements

One original audio cassette. One duplicate audio cassette.

One access .mp3 file.

One interview transcript.

Shaffer, Devora, October 26 1993

Box: 1, Cassette: 29 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 3, Cassette: 29 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 6, Folder: 8 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Language of Materials

English

Scope and Contents

In the interview, Shaffer talks about her day-to-day life as a Jewish Lubavitcher teenage girl, including her schooling, teacher training, camping experiences, and living in the Brooklyn neighborhood of Crown Heights and New York City. Shaffer offers her thoughts on how the Lubavitch community coexists with non-Jewish people as well as other ethnic and racial minorities. She speaks of her own and her community's devotion to the Rebbe, how she may meet her future husband, the differences in being Hasidic and being religious, and her immediate reaction to the civil unrest in Crown Heights. Interview conducted by Jill Vexler.

Biographical Note

Devora Leah Shaffer-Slutzkin (Devori) grew up in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn, with her parents and nine siblings. She graduated from Beth Rivkah High School and, at eighteen, attended Beth Rivkah's teacher training seminary and Touro College. She visited international Lubavitch camps and served as a counselor at a Jewish summer camp in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. She married Reb Doron Slutzkin and resides in Zurich, Switzerland.

Conditions Governing Access and Use

Original transcripts and analog interview A/V materials are not available for research. Access to the interview is available onsite at the Center for Brooklyn History's Othmer Library and online on CBH's Oral History Portal. Use of the oral histories other than for private study, scholarship, or research requires the permission of CBH. For assistance, contact digitalcollections@bklynlibrary.org.

Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements

One original audio cassette. One duplicate audio cassette.

One access .mp3 file.

One interview transcript.

Simon, Yudi, September 2 1993

Box: 1, Cassette: 30 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 3, Cassette: 30 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 6, Folder: 9 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Language of Materials

English

Conditions Governing Access and Use

Access to this recording is restricted. Please contact CBHReference@bklynlibrary.org with further questions.

Subjects

Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements

One original audiocassette. One duplicate audiocassette.

One interview transcript.

Stock, Martha, and Shimshon Stock, July 20 1993

Box: 2, Cassette: 31 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 3, Cassette: 31 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 2, Cassette: 14, Cassette: 2 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 6, Folder: 10 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Language of Materials

English

Scope and Contents

Martha Stock discusses the experience of growing up Lubavitcher and receiving a secular education. She talks about her parents' meeting and the experiences of family members who left Poland during World War II. Her husband, Shimshon, joins Martha in the interview. They review the issues of home ownership in the Brooklyn neighborhood of Crown Heights. Martha and Shimshon discuss their intolerance for their African American neighbors and non-Jewish cultures. Stock describes the struggle and frustration of anti-Semitism and the Hasidic community's separatism within society. He takes issue with his own community and local, state, and national politics. Interview conducted by Jill Vexler.

Biographical Note

Martha Sacolick was born in 1931 on Eastern Parkway in Brooklyn to Polish Jews who had immigrated to the United States after World War II. In her childhood, the family resided on Herzl Street in Brooklyn and then Stanton Street in Manhattan. She attended P.S. 65, graduated from Seward Park High School, and then took accounting courses. As an adult, she lived in the Brooklyn neighborhoods of Williamsburg and Borough Park. She met her husband, Shimshon Stock, while working at a belt manufacturer in the early 1950s, and they married in Borough Park. Stock was born into an Orthodox family in New York City in 1929. In his childhood, the family resided in the Rockaway Beach and Brownsville neighborhoods. He and Martha first shared a home in East New York, and in 1964, they settled in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn. Stock was a community leader, working closely with the Lubavitch Rebbe on several occasions. The couple had a son and two daughters, and over a dozen grandchildren. Martha and Shimshon Stock died in 2007.

Conditions Governing Access and Use

Access to this recording is restricted. Please contact CBHReference@bklynlibrary.org with further questions.

Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements

Two original audio cassettes. Two duplicate audio cassettes.

One interview transcript.

Wilson, Dellon A., November 10 1993

Box: 2, Cassette: 32 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 3, Cassette: 32 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 6, Folder: 11 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Language of Materials

English

Scope and Contents

Dellon Wilson, a Jamaican American, discusses her upbringing, training in the Army, schooling in the United States, and an illness that forced her to stop working. She shares her perspectives on racial tolerance and intolerance, relates personal experiences of feeling unfairly judged in her teens, her contemporary viewpoint on the racial and ethnic makeup of the Brooklyn neighborhood of Crown Heights community, and the media's portrayal of the riots after the auto accident that killed Gavin Cato in Crown Heights. Interview conducted by Jill Vexler.

Biographical Note

Dellon Wilson was born in Saint Anne, Jamaica, and raised in Kingston. In her pre-teens, Wilson moved to Westchester County, New York. After graduating from White Plains High School, she enlisted in the United States Army. After serving, she attended New York University and Hunter College, where she completed an undergraduate degree in Theatre and Film Production and a master's degree in Biology. In 1980, Wilson moved in to an apartment on Eastern Parkway in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn. She worked as forensic medicine microbiologist in a Medical Examiner's office for eight years. After taking leave from full-time employment due to a job-related illness, Wilson volunteered her time to women's rights and AIDS-related causes. She died in September, 1995.

Conditions Governing Access and Use

Original transcripts and analog interview A/V materials are not available for research. Access to the interview is available onsite at the Center for Brooklyn History's Othmer Library and online on CBH's Oral History Portal. Use of the oral histories other than for private study, scholarship, or research requires the permission of CBH. For assistance, contact digitalcollections@bklynlibrary.org.

Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements

One original audio cassette. One duplicate audio cassette.

One access .mp3 file.

One interview transcript.

Fredericks, Dexter and Huntley, Sereta, February 12 1994

Box: 2, Cassette: 33 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 3, Cassette: 33 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Language of Materials

English

Conditions Governing Access and Use

Access to this recording is restricted by the donor. Please contact CBHReference@bklynlibrary.org with further questions.

Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements

One original audio cassette. One duplicate audio cassette.

Series 2: Donated materials, 1950-1994, inclusive

Language of Materials

Materials are in English, Hebrew, Yiddish, and Haitian Creole.

Scope and Contents

Series 2: Donated materials, 1950–1994, includes materials donated to the Crown Heights History Project for the exhibitions at the institutions collaborating on the project: BHS's Crown Heights: Perceptions and Realities, Brooklyn Children's Museum's Crown Heights: The Inside Scoop, and the Society for the Preservation of Weeksville and Bedford-Stuyvesant's Crown Heights: The African Diaspora, all opening in spring of 1994.

Materials were donated by Crown Heights residents and religious, cultural, and professional organizations and businesses that operated within the neighborhood or catered to neighborhood residents. These materials include Chabad Lubavitch literature, advertisements, and ephemera, records from community associations and businesses, family photographs, letters, event flyers, newspaper clippings and newsletters, and materials related to the West Indian American Day Parade Carnival.

Arrangement

Series 2: Donated materials, 1950–1994, is arranged into ten sub-series by donor:

Sub-series 2.1: Essa Abed papers, 1990-1994

Sub-series 2.2: Esther Goldman papers, 1981-1987

Sub-series 2.3: Carlos Lezama papers, 1971-1993

Sub-series 2.4: Empire Press records, 1984-1993

Sub-series 2.5: Bronya Schaffer papers, c.1970s

Sub-series 2.6: Roslyn Tanzman papers, 1994

Sub-series 2.7: Wladimir Thomas papers, 1973-1983

Sub-series 2.8: Moshe Zaetz papers, 1990-1994

Sub-series 2.9: Crown Heights Taxpayers and Civic Association records, 1955-1988

Sub-series 2.10: Unknown donor, 1990-1994

Sub-series 2.1: Essa Abed papers, 1990-1994, inclusive

Language of Materials

English

Scope and Contents

Sub-Series 1.1: Essa Abed papers, 1990–1994, consists of materials donated by Essa Abed, including records, memos, informational literature, and ephemera created by the Graham-Windham Services to Families and Children and the Coalition of Brooklyn Preventive Service Directors, as well as clippings and photographs of Abed and Graham-Windham staff.

Arrangement

Sub-Series 1.1: Essa Abed papers, 1990–1994, is arranged chronologically.

Biographical / Historical

Essa Abed, a Palestinian-American, was a community leader, Director of the Graham-Windham Family Service Center in Crown Heights, a branch of Graham Windham Services to Families and Children, and Director of the Coalition of Brooklyn Preventive Service Directors.

[Graham-Windham Services to Families and Children donation envelope], c.1990s

Box: 7, Folder: 1 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Our Children... Our Future brochures, c.1990s

Box: 7, Folder: 1 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Neighborhood Family Service Center brochures, c.1990s

Box: 7, Folder: 1 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Brooklyn service maps], c.1990s

Box: 7, Folder: 1 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Photocopy of Child Abuse & Maltreatment Forum program], c.1990s

Box: 7, Folder: 1 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Photocopy of employee performance appraisal form], c.1990s

Box: 7, Folder: 1 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Photocopy of sample Crown Heights Consortium Alliance letter], c.1990s

Box: 7, Folder: 1 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Blank Graham-Windham Services to Families and Children letterhead], c.1990s

Box: 7, Folder: 1 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Holiday event photos], c.1990s

Box: 11, Folder: 1 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Photocopy of National Association of Social Workers Nassau Division program agenda], April 11 1992

Box: 7, Folder: 1 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Record newsletter, April 1992

Box: 12, Folder: 1 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Mission statement poster], 1992

Box: 12, Folder: 1 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Clippings], 1992-1994, inclusive

Box: 7, Folder: 1 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Annual staff meeting program], March 5 1993

Box: 7, Folder: 1 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Photocopy of The Consortium of Central Brooklyn/Crown Heights Human Services Providers and Community-Based Organizations attendance sheet], April 28 1993

Box: 7, Folder: 1 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Photocopies of letters from politicians], 1993

Box: 7, Folder: 1 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[List of accomplishments for fiscal year], 1993

Box: 7, Folder: 1 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Photocopy of note from Essa Abed about second Annual Legislative Breakfast], 1993

Box: 7, Folder: 1 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Photocopies of Agency for Consortium Meeting agendas], 1993-1994, inclusive

Box: 7, Folder: 1 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

On-Site Social Service Project program, 1994-01-22

Box: 7, Folder: 1 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Photocopy of Coalition of Brooklyn Preventive Service Directors letter], 1994-02-28

Box: 7, Folder: 1 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Photocopy of staff appreciation location memo], 1994-03-01

Box: 7, Folder: 1 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Staff Recognition Day flyer, 1994-04-08

Box: 7, Folder: 1 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Photocopy of Consortium of Central Brooklyn & Crown Heights Human Services Providers & Community-Based Organization letters], 1994

Box: 7, Folder: 1 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Healthy Families Make Healthy Communities program, c.1994

Box: 7, Folder: 1 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Director Essa J. Abed business cards]

Box: 7, Folder: 1 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Total Quality Management Program brochure

Box: 7, Folder: 1 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Sub-series 2.2: Esther Goldman papers, 1981-1987, inclusive

Language of Materials

Materials are in English and Hebrew.

Scope and Contents

Sub-series 2.2: Esther Goldman papers, 1981-1987, consists of materials donated by Crown Heights resident Esther Goldman, including personal photographs and prayer booklets.

Arrangement

Sub-series 2.2: Esther Goldman papers, 1981-1987, is arranged chronologically.

[Photograph of woman holding baby], c.1950s

Box: 11, Folder: 2 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Photograph of family], c.1960s

Box: 11, Folder: 2 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Wedding photograph], c.1970s

Box: 11, Folder: 2 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Photograph of two young boys wearing yarmulkes], c.1970s

Box: 11, Folder: 2 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Bencher prayer booklets], 1981-1987, inclusive

Box: 7, Folder: 2 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Photograph of man wearing Tefillin and Tallis]

Box: 7, Folder: 2 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Sub-series 2.3: Carlos Lezama papers, 1971-1993, inclusive

Language of Materials

English

Scope and Contents

Sub-series 2.3: Carlos Lezama papers, 1971–1993, consists of materials donated by Carlos Lezama, including brochures for the West Indian American Day Carnival Association brochures, programs, and pamphlets.

Arrangement

Sub-series 2.3: Carlos Lezama papers, 1971–1993, is arranged chronologically.

Biographical Note

Carlos Lezama was born in 1923 in Coro, Venezuela. He grew up in Trinidad but later returned to Venezuela, where he was an auto worker for General Motors and Chrysler, as well as a mechanic in Caracas specializing in dental machinery. After that, he departed for a job as a merchant mariner. It was during his travels as a seaman that he first visited the United States and eventually resolved to move to New York City, which he did, alone, in 1954. He had lived in Manhattan for about two years when he moved to Crown Heights after noticing the greater movement of Caribbean people into the neighborhood. While living in Crown Heights he became a prominent figure in the cultural life of the neighborhood's West Indian residents.

Along with Rufus (Lionel) Gorin, he was a key organizer of the first Carnival parade on Eastern Parkway, now commonly known as the West Indian American Day Parade, in 1969. When Gorin died, Lezama was elected the first president of the West Indian American Day Carnival Association (WIADCA), a position he held until his retirement in 2002. He died in 2007.

West Indian-American Day Carnival Association Dimanche Gras brochure, 1971

Box: 12, Folder: 2 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

West Indian-American Day Carnival Association Dimanche Gras brochure, 1979

Box: 7, Folder: 3 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

West Indian-American Day Carnival Association Carnival Festival program, 1984

Box: 7, Folder: 3 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

West Indian-American Day Carnival Association "Introducing WIADCA" pamphlet, 1992

Box: 7, Folder: 3 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

West Indian-American Day Carnival Association Carnival Festival program, 1993

Box: 7, Folder: 3 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Sub-series 2.4: Empire Press records, 1984-1993, inclusive

Language of Materials

Materials are in English, Hebrew, and Yiddish.

Scope and Contents

Sub-series 2.4: Empire Press records, 1984-1993, consists of materials donated by Empire Press, a commercial printer in Crown Heights, including assorted invitations, seforim, and bencher booklets.

[Assorted invitations], 1984-1993, inclusive

Box: 7, Folder: 4 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Sub-series 2.5: Bronya Schaffer papers, c.1970s

Language of Materials

Materials are in English and Hebrew.

Scope and Contents

Sub-series 2.5: Bronya Schaffer papers, c.1970s, consists of materials donated by Bronya Schaffer, including Lubavitch Youth Organization materials, Tefillin blessing brochures, and Hebrew calligraphy.

Arrangement

Sub-series 2.5: Bronya Schaffer papers, c.1970s, is arranged chronologically.

[Lubavitch Youth Organization booklet of newspaper ads], c.1970s

Box: 7, Folder: 5 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Blessing for Tefillin brochure

Box: 7, Folder: 5 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Graph paper with Hebrew calligraphy]

Box: 7, Folder: 5 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Sub-series 2.6: Roslyn Tanzman papers, 1994

Language of Materials

English

Scope and Contents

Sub-series 2.6: Roslyn Tanzman papers, 1994, consists of two copies of Tanzman's book, Love before the Storm, donated by the author.

"Love Before the Storm" by Roslyn Tanzman, 1994

Box: 7, Folder: 6 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Sub-series 2.7: Wladimir Thomas papers, 1973-1983, inclusive

Language of Materials

Materials are in English and Haitian Creole.

Scope and Contents

Sub-series 2.7: Wladimir Thomas papers, 1973-1983, consists of materials donated by Crown Heights resident Wladimir Thomas, including family photos, Haitian newspapers, personal letters, church booklets, and a Haitian Creole translation of Romeo and Juliet.

Arrangement

Sub-series 2.7: Wladimir Thomas papers, 1973-1983, is arranged chronologically.

[Photograph of Haitian family], c.1970s

Box: 11, Folder: 3 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Photograph of children in front of St. Matthew's church], 1973

Box: 11, Folder: 3 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Photograph of child receiving communion at St. Matthew's Church], 1976

Box: 11, Folder: 3 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Haiti Observater, February 10-17 1978

Box: 12, Folder: 3 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Letter from Alfred Plines], August 15 1979

Box: 7, Folder: 7 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Letter from Jaqueline Clarke], August 17 1983

Box: 7, Folder: 7 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

St. Matthew's Church guidebook

Box: 7, Folder: 7 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

"Roméo et Juliette" Librairie Hatier édition

Box: 7, Folder: 7 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Sub-series 2.8: Moshe Zaetz papers, 1988-1994, inclusive

Language of Materials

Materials are in English and Hebrew.

Scope and Contents

Sub-series 2.8: Moshe Zaetz papers, 1988-1994, consists of materials donated by Moshe Zaetz, a Crown Heights resident who ran the Tvios Hashem store, including religious bumper stickers, stickers, and calendars.

Arrangement

Sub-series 2.8: Moshe Zaetz papers, 1988-1994, is arranged chronologically.

We Want Moshiach Now! bumper stickers, c.1988

Box: 7, Folder: 8 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Sheet of Army of Hashem stickers], c.1990s

Box: 7, Folder: 8 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Mounted Army of Hashem sticker], c.1990s

Box: 7, Folder: 8 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

5754 Jewish Art Calendar, 1993-1994

Box: 12, Folder: 4 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Sub-series 2.9: Crown Heights Taxpayers and Civic Association records, 1955-1988, inclusive

Language of Materials

English

Scope and Contents

Sub-series 2.9: Crown Heights Taxpayers and Civic Association records, 1955–1988, consists of materials donated by the Crown Heights Taxpayers and Civic Association, including Association memos, flyers, and programs. The majority of materials in this sub-series are photocopies.

Arrangement

Sub-series 2.9: Crown Heights Taxpayers and Civic Association records, 1955–1988, is arranged chronologically.

[Photocopy of memo to Crown Heights homeowners], October 11 1955

Box: 8, Folder: 1 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Photocopy of In Opposition to the Designation of Crown Heights as a "Poverty District" memo], February 26 1968

Box: 8, Folder: 1 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Photocopy of anniversary luncheon and cultural fair program], May 15 1971

Box: 8, Folder: 1 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[A Brief History flyer], 1988

Box: 8, Folder: 1 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Photocopy of Myrtle G. Whitmore business card]

Box: 8, Folder: 1 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Biographical sketch of Myrtle G. Whitmore]

Box: 8, Folder: 1 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Crown Heights cleanup campaign flyer]

Box: 8, Folder: 1 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Sub-series 2.10: Unknown donor, 1990-1994, inclusive

Language of Materials

Materials are in English and Hebrew.

Scope and Contents

Sub-series 2.10: Unknown donor, 1990–1994, consists of materials from unknown donors, including flyers and posters for local concerts, classes, and businesses, religious newsletters and booklets, and a Tzach directory of Crown Heights.

Arrangement

Sub-series 2.10: Unknown donor, 1990–1994, is arranged chronologically.

[Pulse Nightclub Caribbean Night flyer], c.1990s

Box: 8, Folder: 2 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Gutnick Computerized Communication Center Torah study programs flyer], c.1990s

Box: 8, Folder: 2 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

The Original Sticky Mike's Posse Reggae Fridays brochure, c.1990s

Box: 8, Folder: 2 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Wedding package flyer], c.1990s

Box: 8, Folder: 2 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Moshiach Matters newsletter vol 1. no. 1, c.1990s

Box: 8, Folder: 2 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Crown Heights Tzach Directory, 1991

Box: 8, Folder: 2 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

A Report to the Governor on the Disturbances in Crown Heights, 1993

Box: 8, Folder: 3 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 8, Folder: 4 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Tilden Hall Jah Love Musik Part Two flyer, 1993-12-03

Box: 8, Folder: 4 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[The Chai Foundation informational booklet], 1993

Box: 12, Folder: 16 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Clippings], 1993-1994, inclusive

Box: 8, Folder: 4 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Biltmore Ballroom flyers], 1994

Box: 8, Folder: 4 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Photocopy transcript of speech given at West Indian-American Day Carnival Association townhouse meeting and award ceremony], 1994-01-23

Box: 8, Folder: 4 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Jamaica Social Club birthday bash flyer], 1994-03-19

Box: 8, Folder: 4 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Starlite Ballroom flyers], 1994-03-25

Box: 8, Folder: 4 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Medgar Evers College 5th Annual African Inspiration Fashion Show flyer, 1994-03-26

Box: 8, Folder: 4 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Brother Records and Things top 30 song list]

Box: 8, Folder: 4 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

In the Garden of the Torah booklet

Box: 8, Folder: 4 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Series 3: Collected materials, 1973-1998, inclusive

Language of Materials

Materials are in English, Hebrew, and Yiddish.

Scope and Contents

Series 3: Collected materials, 1973-1998, consists of materials collected and purchased by Crown Heights History Project curator Jill Vexler and the Brooklyn Historical Society. These materials include Chabad Lubavitch advertisements, flyers, brochures, and children's materials; Jewish and Caribbean magazines; newspapers; publications and newspaper clippings related to the Crown Heights riots in 1991; flyers and advertisements for concerts and community events; and West Indian American Carnival Parade advertisements.

Arrangement

Series 3: Collected materials, 1973-1998, is arranged into two sub-series:

Sub-series 3.1: Jill Vexler, 1990-1993

Sub-series 3.2: Brooklyn Historical Society, 1973-1998.

This arrangement was imposed by Crown Heights History Project staff during exhibition planning and was maintained by the archivist.

Sub-series 3.1: Jill Vexler, 1990-1993, inclusive

Language of Materials

Materials are in English, Hebrew, and Yiddish.

Scope and Contents

Sub-series 3.1: Jill Vexler, 1990-1993, consists of materials collected and purchased by Jill Vexler, the curator of the Crown Heights History Project. This material includes Chabad Lubavitch advertisements, publications, and flyers; religious material for children; and newspaper clippings related to Crown Heights.

Arrangement

Sub-series 3.1: Jill Vexler, 1990-1993, is arranged chronologically.

Biographical / Historical

Jill Vexler, PhD., is a cultural anthropologist and curator who served as Curator and one of the Project Directors of the Crown Heights History Project. She works on projects on cultural identity, social history, and the Holocaust. Vexler currently lives in New York City.

[Chabad Lubavitch advertisements], c.1990s

Box: 8, Folder: 5 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 12, Folder: 5 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Food stickers], c.1990s

Box: 8, Folder: 6 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Children's Mitzvah chart], c.1990s

Box: 8, Folder: 7 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Lubavitch International magazine, Winter 1991

Box: 8, Folder: 8 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Haggadah for Passover book, 1992

Box: 8, Folder: 9 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Invitation to Michael Gleizer artist exhibition], February 28 1993

Box: 8, Folder: 10 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Clippings], 1993-1994, inclusive

Box: 8, Folder: 11 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 12, Folder: 6 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

L'chaim newsletters, 1993

Box: 9, Folder: 1 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Making the World into a Beautiful Gem flyer

Box: 9, Folder: 2 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Sub-series 3.2: Brooklyn Historical Society, 1973-1998, inclusive

Language of Materials

Materials are in English and Hebrew.

Scope and Contents

Sub-series 3.2: Brooklyn Historical Society, 1973-1998, consists of materials collected and purchased by the Brooklyn Historical Society, including Chabad Lubavitch flyers, brochures, publications, advertisements, and Youth Organization materials; flyers and advertisements for Crown Heights organizations, events, and businesses; West Indian American Carnival Parade advertisements; and a substantial amount of magazines, publications, and newspaper clippings relating to Crown Heights and the community's religious and ethnic communities.

Arrangement

Sub-series 3.2: Brooklyn Historical Society, 1973-1998, is arranged chronologically.

Challenge: An Encounter with Lubavitch-Chabad in Israel by the Lubavitch Foundation of Great Britain, 1973

Box: 9, Folder: 3 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Lubavitch Youth Organization materials], 1985-1995, inclusive

Box: 9, Folder: 4 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Photocopy of The Struggle for Black Arts in Britain by Kwesi Owusu, Chapter 1], 1986

Box: 9, Folder: 5 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Nechemia Moshe Deitsch prayer book], November 1 1987

Box: 9, Folder: 6 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Business cards], c.1990s

Box: 9, Folder: 7 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[The Chassidic Art Institute brochure], c.1990s

Box: 9, Folder: 8 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Chabad Lubavitch pamphlets], c.1990s

Box: 9, Folder: 9 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Chabad Lubavitch religious advertisements], c.1990s

Box: 9, Folder: 10 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 12, Folder: 7 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[OK Kosher Certification materials], c.1990s

Box: 9, Folder: 11 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Newspapers and Clippings], 1990-1994, inclusive

Box: 9, Folder: 12 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 12, Folder: 8 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Magazines], 1990-1994, inclusive

Box: 9, Folder: 13 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 10, Folder: 1 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[The Possible Man promotional poster], 1992

Box: 12, Folder: 9 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Jewish wall calendars], 1992-1993, inclusive

Box: 10, Folder: 2 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Box: 12, Folder: 10 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Lubavitch International magazines, 1992-1993, inclusive

Box: 10, Folder: 3 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

38th International Convention of Tzeirei Agudis Chabad poster, October 3 1993

Box: 12, Folder: 11 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Siyum HaRambam poster], October 10 1993

Box: 12, Folder: 12 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Jean Bertrand Aristide poster], October 30 1993

Box: 12, Folder: 13 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Project Cure materials], c.1993

Box: 10, Folder: 4 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Crown Heights community flyers], 1993-1994, inclusive

Box: 10, Folder: 5 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

L'chaim newsletters, 1993-1994, inclusive

Box: 10, Folder: 6 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Crown Heights Coalition materials], 1993

Box: 10, Folder: 7 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Jewish Children International: Tzivos Hashem materials], 1993

Box: 10, Folder: 8 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Anti-Defamation League Audit of Anti-Semitic Incidents, 1993

Box: 10, Folder: 9 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

MTA Subway Map, April 1993

Box: 10, Folder: 10 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Appreciating the Hues of Dawn" by Malka Touger booklet, 1994

Box: 10, Folder: 11 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Michoel Streicher Shma Beni poster], 1998

Box: 12, Folder: 14 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Heineken West Indian American Carnival sponsor poster], n.d.

Box: 12, Folder: 15 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Series 4: Photographs, 1970-1994, inclusive

Scope and Contents

Series 4: Photographs, 1970–1994, consists of 252 prints, 324 negatives, 80 35mm slides, and 60 photographic contact sheets gathered for display at BHS's Crown Heights: Perceptions and Realities, Brooklyn Children's Museum's Crown Heights: The Inside Scoop, and the Society for the Preservation of Weeksville and Bedford-Stuyvesant's Crown Heights: The African Diaspora exhibitions, as well as object and event photos. This series includes photos of Crown Heights and its diverse residents, photos of church and synagogue services, Lubavitch gatherings, religious holidays, neighborhood streets and storefronts, and family events.

Arrangement

This series is arranged in six sub-series:

Sub-series 4.1: Rodney Hurley photographs, c.1990s

Sub-series 4.2: Miriam Rubinoff photographs, 1994

Sub-series 4.3: Myrtle Whitmore photographs, 1970-1972

Sub-series 4.4: Chris Maynard photographs, c.1993

Sub-series 4.5: Additional photographers, 1994

Sub-series 4.6: Event and object photographs, 1994

This arrangement maintains the order in which the materials were arranged when accessioned by the Brooklyn Historical Society: Sub-series 1 through 5 are arranged by photographer, and sub-series 6 is arranged by subject.

Processing Note

Duplicate photos were removed and added to the ARC.288 Brooklyn Historical Society institutional records.

Sub-series 4.1: Rodney Hurley photographs, c.1990s

Scope and Contents

Sub-series 4.1: Rodney Hurley photographs, c.1990s, includes 30 black & white 4x6 prints, 55 8x10 prints, 40 photographic contact sheets, and 101 photographic negatives taken by Hurley for BHS's Crown Heights: Perceptions and Realities, Brooklyn Children's Museum's Crown Heights: The Inside Scoop, and the Society for the Preservation of Weeksville and Bedford-Stuyvesant's Crown Heights: The African Diaspora exhibitions. The Crown Heights History Project hired Hurley to photograph religious and community events in Crown Heights, as well as Crown Heights residents, streets, and storefronts. Hurley also photographed oral history interviewees, shots of whom are interspersed throughout the prints and contact sheets.

Arrangement

This sub-series is arranged by format, and the prints, contact sheets, and negatives are arranged in order according to the photographer's shot list, which can be found in the accession log.

[Photographic prints], c.1990s

Box: 11, Folder: 4 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Other Finding Aids

Some photographic prints are labeled and correspond to a shot list, which can be found in the accession log.

[Contact sheets], c.1990s

Box: 11, Folder: 5 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Negatives], c.1990s

Box: 11, Folder: 6 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Sub-series 4.2: Miriam Rubinoff photographs, 1994

Scope and Contents

Sub-series 4.2: Miriam Rubinoff photographs, 1994, includes 16 4x6 prints, 99 8x10 prints, 6 5x7 prints, 12 photographic contact sheets, 84 negatives, and 28 35mm slides taken by Rubinoff for BHS's Crown Heights: Perceptions and Realities, Brooklyn Children's Museum's Crown Heights: The Inside Scoop, and the Society for the Preservation of Weeksville and Bedford-Stuyvesant's Crown Heights: The African Diaspora exhibitions. The Crown Heights History Project hired Rubinoff to photograph the neighborhood's Jewish residents, especially the Chabad Lubavitch community, including religious, community, and familial gatherings, as well as houses, storefronts, streets, and religiously significant objects. Rubinoff also photographed the opening of BHS's exhibition in 1994.

Arrangement

This sub-series is arranged by subject and format. The prints and negatives are arranged in order according to shot numbers on the contact sheets.

Lubavitchers of Crown Heights, 1990-1994, inclusive

Box: 11, Folder: 7 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Material Specific Details

Many of the prints in this file have handwritten notes on the back by the photographer with titles and short summaries of the image subjects.

[Photographic prints], 1994

Box: 13, Folder: 1 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Material Specific Details

Certain photographs have labels on the back with titles and numbers that correspond to contact sheets.

[Contact sheets], 1994

Box: 13, Folder: 2 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Material Specific Details

The contact sheets in this series have handwritten notes on the back by the photographer with information on the subjects of the photos and dates.

[Negatives], 1994

Box: 13, Folder: 3 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Crown Heights: Perceptions and Realities event photographs], 1994

Box: 13, Folder: 4 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Sub-series 4.3: Myrtle Whitmore photographs, 1970-1972, inclusive

Scope and Contents

Sub-series 4.3: Myrtle Whitmore photographs, 1970–1972, consists of 6 8x10 print and 1 photographic contact sheet donated from the collection of Myrtle Whitmore for display in BHS's Crown Heights: Perceptions and Realities, Brooklyn Children's Museum's Crown Heights: The Inside Scoop, and the Society for the Preservation of Weeksville and Bedford-Stuyvesant's Crown Heights: The African Diaspora exhibitions. This series includes photographs of civic organizations in the Crown Heights neighborhood and one contact sheet.

Arrangement

This sub-series is arranged by subject and format. This arrangement was imposed by the photographer and maintained by the archivist.

Civic organization photos, 1970-1972, inclusive

Box: 13, Folder: 5 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Material Specific Details

Certain photos in this file have notes on the back with titles and dates.

[Contact sheet], c.1970s

Box: 13, Folder: 6 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Sub-series 4.4: Chris Maynard photographs, c.1993

Scope and Contents

Sub-series 4.4: Chris Maynard photographs, c.1993, consists of 11 photographic contact sheets taken by Chris Maynard for the Brooklyn Children's Museum's Crown Heights: The Inside Scoop exhibition in 1994. The sub-series includes photos of Jewish and Christian gatherings and religious services in Crown Heights. The contact sheets in this sub-series have handwritten notes on the back by the photographer.

Arrangement

This sub-series is arranged by format.

Immediate Source of Acquisition

The Brooklyn Children's Museum commissioned Chris Maynard to take photographs for their 1994 exhibition, Crown Heights: The Inside Scoop. The BCM donated Maynard's photographs to the Brooklyn Historical Society in 1995.

[Contact sheets], c.1993

Box: 13, Folder: 7 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Sub-series 4.5: Additional photographers, 1994

Scope and Contents

Sub-series 4.5: Additional photographers, 1994, includes 21 4x6 prints, 4 8x10 prints, 2 photographic contact sheets, and 130 negatives taken for BHS's Crown Heights: Perceptions and Realities, Brooklyn Children's Museum's Crown Heights: The Inside Scoop, and the Society for the Preservation of Weeksville and Bedford-Stuyvesant's Crown Heights: The African Diaspora exhibitions. These photographs include photos of community events, exterior shots of homes in Crown Heights, and shots of police confrontations.

[Photos of Brooklyn community events], c.1994

Box: 13, Folder: 8 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Uncategorized photos], c.1990s

Box: 13, Folder: 9 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Negatives], c.1990s

Box: 13, Folder: 10 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

Sub-series 4.6: Event and object photographs, 1994

Scope and Contents

Sub-series 4.6: Event and object photographs, 1994, includes 15 8x10 prints and 9 negatives captured at the opening of Brooklyn Historical Society's Crown Heights: Perceptions and Realities exhibition in 1994, as well as 52 35mm slides of objects displayed at the exhibition.

Arrangement

This sub-series is arranged by format.

[Photographic prints], 1994

Box: 13, Folder: 11 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Negatives], 1994

Box: 13, Folder: 12 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)

[Slides], 1994

Box: 13, Folder: 13 (Material Type: Mixed Materials)
Center for Brooklyn History
128 Pierrepont Street
Brooklyn, NY 11201