North (Joseph and Helen Oken) Family Papers
Call Number
Dates
Creator
Extent
Language of Materials
Abstract
The North (Joseph and Helen Oken) Family Papers (dated 1913-1990) include three generations of family correspondence and memorabilia spanning from the early 20th century to the 1990s. The bulk of the collection relates to Joseph and Helen North, but a significant portion also relates to Helen's family and includes the papers of her father and mother Morris and Jennie Oken, and her sisters Lydia Oken Mates and Mary Oken Wilson. The collection is largely comprised of correspondence, which documents the North and Oken families' involvement in the Communist Party, socialist activism, labor organizing, the Spanish Civil War, and family life. This collection also contains a significant amount of materials related to Joseph North's career as a journalist for the communist publications New Masses and the Daily Worker.
Historical/Biographical Note
Joseph North was born Jacob Soifer in Ukraine to Jessie Soifer and Balia Yasnitz in in 1904. The family immigrated to the United States when he was 9 months old and settled in Pennsylvania. Joseph North began working in a Pennsylvania textile mill at the age of 12, and later worked summers in the ship yards of his hometown. Joseph graduated with a B.A. from the University of Pennsylvania and worked for several years after his graduation as a reporter for a variety of Pennsylvania newspapers. In 1935 he was one of the founders of the weekly New Masses and served as its editor for 15 years. Joseph North also served as a communist party organizer and a correspondent for the Daily Worker. Through his work as a journalist he reported on a number of major events including labor strikes of the 1930s, the Spanish Civil War, and World War II.
Helen Oken North was born in the Bronx, New York in 1912 to Russian immigrants Morris and Jennie Oken. Helen Oken was the youngest of five siblings, two sisters and two brothers. Her older brother Semyon was her mother's son from a previous marriage who eventually left to live with his father, and her brother Yaksha, born in 1906, died when he was only year old after contracting an illness during the family's passage to the United States. Helen and her two older sisters Mary and Lydia were born in New York and maintained close ties throughout their lives. The Oken family was highly involved in labor and socialist organizations. Helen's father Morris Oken was a textile worker and was active in the Workmen's Circle as well as other labor organizations. Helen was also involved in union activity and worked a labor organizer as a teenager. She later worked as a Communist party organizer in Pennsylvania in the 1930s. Helen's sisters Lydia was also highly involved in political activism and worked as a Communist Party organizer in Detroit and Chicago. She married Abraham Lincoln Brigade volunteer Dave Mates in 1930.
Helen Oken married Joseph North in 1931. Joseph worked as a correspondent for the New Masses in Spain during the Spanish Civil War. Helen accompanied him to Spain and worked in the medical service during those years. Helen and Joseph later settled in Manhattan and had three children Daniel, Susan, and Nora. Helen continued to be involved in Communist Party activism. She also assumed the role of breadwinner on many occasions, as Joseph's work as a journalist did not provide enough to support a family and often required him to travel abroad. Helen and Joseph were married for 26 year, but eventually divorced in 1957. Helen married Communist Party of the United States leader Gil Green in 1970. Joseph North also remarried, marrying Daily World journalist and editor Augusta Strong in 1963. Joseph's wife Augusta died in early 1976 and Joseph died in December of that same year. Helen North died in 1990.
Arrangement
This collection has been divided into five series by creator or by form. Correspondence in the first three series is arranged chronologically by recipient while other materials contained in these series have been grouped by creator. Series I has been further divided in four subseries. The first three subseries contain correspondence, which is arranged chronologically by recipient, while the fourth subseries contains memorabilia is arranged chronologically and by form. The last two series of the collection contain photographs and artifacts. Photographs have been grouped by creator.
Scope and Content Note
The North (Joseph and Helen Oken) Family Papers (dated 1913-1990) include three generations of family correspondence spanning from the early 20th century to the 1990s. The bulk of the collection relates to Joseph and Helen North, but a significant portion also relates to Helen's family and includes correspondence of her father and mother Morris and Jennie Oken, and her sisters Lydia Oken Mates and Mary Oken Wilson. The collection largely consists of correspondence written between the 1930s and 1970s, and also includes family photographs, notes, and memorabilia.
Joseph and Helen North's papers document several major themes in their lives including their careers, political activism, economic struggles, and children. A small amount of correspondence relates to their time in Spain during the Spanish Civil War where Joseph worked as a foreign correspondent for the communist publication the New Masses and Helen worked in the medical service. Their papers also include materials related to Joseph's work as a journalist, both before and after Spain. Other materials inlcude correspondence from friends and family and materials related to their three children.
Correspondence between Helen and her sisters is exceptionally rich and provides an intimate look into their personal lives touching on a wide array of topics including their jobs, political beliefs, relationships, family planning and contraception, children, and care of their aging parents. They provide a unique view of how Communist Party members balanced their political activism and family obligation, and the ways in which family influenced political belief.
The papers of Morris and Jennie Oken also make up a small portion of this collection. Morris Oken was active in a number of labor and socialist organization in New York City, and his papers contain a large amount of material related to communism and political activism. The collection also contains a significant amount of materials related to Helen's sister Lydia and her husband Dave Mates. Lydia Oken Mates worked for many years as a Communist Party organizer in Detroit and Dave Mates was a Veteran of the Abraham Lincoln Brigades who was also involved in Communist Party activism throughout his life.
Other materials contained in this collection include clippings, flyers, and ephemera, a small number of negatives, and two artifacts: a hat taken from a Moroccan soldier who died in Spain, and a tsarist-era naval uniform cap from Russia.
Materials added to the collection in 2017 largely relate to Joseph North's writings and his work as a correspondent during the Spanish Civil War. They include press releases from the Spanish Republican Army's Ministry of National Defense as well as several reports and first-hand accounts from volunteers in the International Brigades. Also included among these materials is unpublished novel titled, I Come from America as well a folder of obituaries and articles paying tribute to Joseph North following his death in 1976.
Many of the correspondents in this collection are addressed by a variety of names throughout their correspondence. Helen and her family often address each other by their Russian names or variations of those names. In much of her correspondence Helen is often addressed as Vezl, Vezlenka, Honushinka, Annunshinka, or Anne. Joseph North, who was born Jacob Soifer, is also addressed as Jacob or Jake on many occasions, and in several instances his letters are addressed to Jacob Sofier. Helen's sister Lydia is often addressed as Lidushka, Liducinka, or Lilian, her sister Mary is addressed as Manya or Maninka; her father Morris is frequently referred to as Mitaya, and her mother Jennie, whose name is often spelled Jenny, is often referred to as Jenja.
Subjects
Genres
People
Topics
Donors
Conditions Governing Access
Materials are open without restrictions.
Conditions Governing Use
Copyright (and related rights to publicity and privacy) to materials in this collection, created by Joseph North and Helen Oken North, was not transferred to New York University. Permission to use materials must be secured from the copyright holder.
Preferred Citation
Identification of item, date; North (Joseph and Helen Oken) Family Papers; TAM 605; box number; folder number; Tamiment Library/Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives, New York University.
Location of Materials
Immediate Source of Acquisition
Donated by Nora E. North in 2012; additional materials were donated in 2013 and 2016. The accession numbers associated with this collection are NPA.2003.013, 2012.013, 2012.090, 2013.046, and 2017.007.
Appraisal
Several published materials have been removed from this collection including copies of the Daily Worker and Daily World, magazines, and new paper clippings. Other materials of limited research value which consisted of receipts, empty envelopes, locks of hair were also removed from the collection.
About this Guide
Processing Information
One box of correspondence, a scrapbook, and a felt hat were initially held in the Joseph North Spanish Civil War Artifacts (ALBA 294), these materials were incorporated into the Joseph and Helen Oken North Family Papers in 2014. An Odessa sailor's hat deaccessioned in 2013 was also reincorporated into the collection in 2014.
In 2017 an additional box of Joseph North's papers was added to Series I: Joseph and Helen Oken North Papers, Subseries I.D: Joseph and Helen Oken North Family Records and Memorabilia. These materials were described at the folder level and integrated into the existing arrangement of the series.
Revisions to this Guide
Repository
Series I: Joseph and Helen Oken North Papers, 1920-1990, inclusive
Extent
Scope and Content Note
This series primarily consists of incoming correspondence to Joseph and Helen North from the late 1920s to the 1970s. Correspondence contained in this collection consists of letters from family and friends to Joseph and Helen North. This series also includes materials such as datebooks, account ledgers, handwritten notes, receipts, memorabilia, diplomas, clippings, and drawings.
Subseries I.A: Helen Oken North Correspondence
Scope and Content Note
This sub-series contains incoming correspondence written to Helen North between the 1920s and 1970s. The majority of correspondence written to Helen comes from her sisters, parents, and her husband Joseph North. These letters discuss work, political activism, and family life. A large portion of these letters are in roughly chronological order and are from a wide array of correspondents. Other incoming letters have been grouped by subject or by sender.
Helen Oken North: Incoming Correspondence, 1928-1938, inclusive
Extent
Helen Oken North: Incoming Correspondence, 1937-1949, inclusive
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Helen Oken North: Incoming Correspondence, 1947-1954, inclusive
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Helen Oken North: Incoming Correspondence, 1952-1966, inclusive
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Helen Oken North: Incoming Family Correspondence from Mary O. Wilson, 1943-1946, inclusive
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Helen Oken North: Incoming Correspondence from Mary O. Wilson, 1930s, 1958-1965, inclusive
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Helen Oken North: Incoming Family Correspondence from Lydia O. Mates, 1936-1958, inclusive
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Helen Oken North: Incoming Correspondence from Lydia Mates, 1958-1965, inclusive
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Helen Oken North: Correspondence from Linda Weber, 1943-1949, inclusive
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Helen Oken North: Incoming Correspondence-Los Angeles 1949, 1949, inclusive
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Helen and Nora North: Los Angeles 1949, 1949, inclusive
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Helen Oken North: Outgoing Correspondence (drafts), 1930s, 1940s, 1950s, inclusive
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Subseries I.B: Joseph North Correspondence
Scope and Content Note
This sub-series contains correspondence related to Joseph North. A large portion this section consists of incoming letters to Joseph North which have been arranged in chronological order. This sub-series also contains letters related to the Spanish Civil War, which have been incorporated into this collection from the Joseph North Spanish Civil War Artifacts, ALBA 294. Many of the letters contained in these folders were written by Joseph North and addressed to his wife Helen.
Joseph North: Incoming Correspondence, 1930-1959, inclusive
Extent
Joseph North Letter to "Comrade Gurewitsch", undated
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Joseph North: Correspondence, undated
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Joseph North: Incoming Correspondence - Spanish Civil War, 1936-1938, inclusive
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Joseph North: Spanish Civil War Correspondence and Clippings, 1936-1938, inclusive
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Jim Lardner to Joseph North, undated
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Joseph North: Correspondence in Spain, 1937-1939, inclusive
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Joseph North: Incoming Correspondence: Sympathy Regarding Death of Augusta North, 1976, inclusive
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Joseph North and Nora North: Correspondence, 1976, inclusive
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Correspondence and Materials related to Death of Joseph North, 1976-1977, inclusive
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Joseph North: Correspondence and Materials related to I.O.S. speech in Helsinki, 1976, inclusive
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Joseph North: Notes and Ephemera, 1976, inclusive
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Jacob Sofier: Correspondence, 1932, inclusive
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Subseries I.C: Joseph and Helen Oken North Correspondence
Scope and Content Note
This sub-series contains correspondence addressed to both Helen and Joseph North from their friends and family. A significant amount of materials contained within this sub-series also relate to Helen and Joseph's children Daniel, Susan, and Nora North. Many of these letters are addressed to the North children, either individually or collectively, while other letters contained in this section relate to the North children but have been addressed to their mother Helen. There is also a small amount of undated notes and correspondence between Joseph and Helen North.
Joseph and Helen Oken North: Incoming Correspondence, 1930-1959, inclusive
Extent
Joseph and Helen Oken North: Correspondence from Anna Sokolow, undated
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Joseph and Helen Oken North: Correspondence from Friends, 1938-1948, inclusive
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Notes between Joseph and Helen North, undated
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Assorted Correspondence between Helen and Joseph North, 1938-1950, inclusive
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Miscellaneous Correspondence, 1930s and 1940s, inclusive
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Joseph and Helen North: Correspondence, 1930s-1950s, inclusive
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Notes Helen and Joseph North, 1930s, inclusive
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North Children: Notes and Correspondence, 1935-1959, inclusive
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Correspondence regarding Daniel North, 1939-1952, inclusive
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Daniel North letters to Helen North-Summer Roadtrip, 1948, inclusive
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Notes and Correspondence related to Susan North, 1936-1957, inclusive
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Notes and Correspondence related to Nora North, 1942-1973, inclusive
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Subseries I.D: Joseph and Helen Oken North Family Records and Memorabilia
Scope and Content Note
This sub-series contains a variety of memorabilia related to Joseph and Helen North. Materials related to Joseph and Helen include membership cards, memorabilia, pamphlets, drawings, and ephemera. Several materials contained in this section related to their children including homework, drawings, other memorabilia related to schooling and childhood. There are also several documents related to Joseph and Helen North's financial struggles including documents related to a rent dispute in 1945 and an Internal Revenue Service audit between 1948-1950. Also contained in this sub-series are a number of personal items such as account books, diplomas, date books, wallets and billfolds, notebooks, and autograph books.
Joseph and Helen Oken North: Assorted Notes and Drafts, 1930s and 1940s, inclusive
Extent
Drawings and Sketches, undated
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Joseph and Helen Oken North: Assorted Clippings and Ephemera, undated
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Joseph and Helen Oken North: IRS Audit, 1948-1950, inclusive
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Joseph North: I Come From America (unpublished manuscript), undated
Joseph North: Obituaries and Death Announcements, 1976
Joseph North Rent Dispute, Feb. 1945, inclusive
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Joseph North: Spanish Civil War Reports and National Defense Press Releases, 1937-1938, inclusive
Paris Memorabilia, 1938, inclusive
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Children's Drawings and Homework, 1948-1951, inclusive
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Daniel North Homework, undated
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Daniel North Travel Diary, 1948, inclusive
Susan North Diploma and Graduation Programs, 1953, 1957, inclusive
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Nora North Notes and Ephemera, undated
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Materials Related to Helen Oken North Memorial, 1912-1990, inclusive
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Anna Sokolow Posters and Programs, undated
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"The Young Pioneers of America - Course for Pioneers of Leadership", Jul. 23, 1938, inclusive
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Pamphlets: First Aid and Child Care, 1932-1938, inclusive
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Pamphlets: Labor Organizations, 1930-1940, inclusive
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Joseph and Helen Oken North Certificates, 1928, 1943-1944, inclusive
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Joseph and Helen Oken North Wallets and Passports, undated
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Helen Oken North Account Book, 1941, inclusive
Helen Oken North Autograph Book, 1925, inclusive
Extent
Helen Oken North Communist Party Membership Book, undated
Helen Oken North Datebook, 1953, inclusive
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Helen Oken North Diplomas, 1925, 1928, inclusive
Helen Oken North Engagement Calendar, undated
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Helen Oken North Notebook and Telephone Numbers, undated
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Helen Oken North Working Cards and Membership Booklets, undated
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Nora North: Desk Diary, 1960, inclusive
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Spanish Song Books, undated
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Series II: Morris and Jennie Oken Papers, 1920-1953, inclusive
Language of Materials
Extent
Scope and Content Note
This series contains materials related Helen Oken North's parents Morris and Jennie Oken. This series consists of correspondence written to the Okens from friends and family as well as several materials related to union involvement.
Morris and Jennie Oken: Incoming Correspondence, 1920-1943, inclusive
Extent
Morris and Jennie Oken: Incoming Correspondence, 1944-1953, inclusive
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Morris Oken: Correspondence Regarding Injury at New York Naval Yard, 1945-1946, inclusive
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Mary Oken Wilson Correspondence, 1944-1953, inclusive
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Morris Oken: International Workers Order Flyers and Pamphlets, 1946-1952, inclusive
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Morris and Jennie Oken: Notes and Clippings, 1950s, inclusive
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Morris Oken: Labor Organizations, 1920s-1950s, inclusive
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Morris and Jennie Oken: Labor Organizations, 1951-1953, inclusive
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Morris Oken: Membership Cards and Membership Books, 1913-1946, inclusive
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Morris and Jennie Oken: Notebooks and Billfolds, undated
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Series III: Lydia Oken Mates Papers, 1921-1975, inclusive
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Scope and Content Note
This series contains the papers of Helen Oken North's sister Lydia Oken Mates and her husband Dave Mates. This series is comprised primarily of correspondence written to Lydia by her sisters and parents. Some correspondence is also addressed to Dave Mates. Also included in this series are union membership cards; materials related to Lydia's education including diplomas, a graduation program, and an autograph book; and other assorted ephemera.
Lydia Oken Mates: Incoming Correspondence, 1921-1965, inclusive
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Dave and Lydia Oken Mates: Incoming Correspondence, 1959-1974, inclusive
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Lydia Oken Mates: collection of Letters of Daniel North to his mother Helen North, Aug. 1948-Dec.1948, inclusive
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Lydia Oken Mates: Letters and Clippings related to the death of Alice Herz, Mar. 1965-May 1965, inclusive
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Dave and Lydia Oken Mates: Materials related to Communism in China and Vietnam, 1974, inclusive
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Dave Mates: Sales Reports, 1967, inclusive
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Lydia Oken Mates: Diplomas and Certificates, 1923-1927, inclusive
Walton High School Graduation Program, Jan. 26, 1927, inclusive
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Lydia Oken Mates: English Assignment "The Modern School of Stelton", May 3, 1927, inclusive
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Lydia Oken Mates: Labor Union Membership Cards, 1929, inclusive
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Lydia Oken Mates: Autograph Book, 1924-1927, inclusive
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Dave and Lydia Oken Mates: "Museum of First Congress-CPC" Postcards, undated
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Memorial Materials: Harry and Esther North, Abe Soifer, 2002-2003, inclusive
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Lydia Oken Mates: Sketches, undated
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Lydia Oken Mates: Brochures and Clippings related to art, undated
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Dave Mates Wallet, undated
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Cocolo by Bettina Elrich, Jan. 1, 1945, inclusive
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News of Peace, Oct. 1951-Mar. 1953, inclusive
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Series IV: Photographs, 1935-1972, inclusive
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Scope and Content Note
This series consists primarily photographs and negatives related to Joseph and Helen Oken North and Dave and Lydia Mates. Images related to Joseph and Helen North consist of prints and negatives that date from 1935-1937 and depict their son Daniel as a baby and other events with friends and family from those years. Images related to Dave and Lydia Mates date from the 1950s to the 1970s and document their various travels, including trips to China and Russia.
Spanish Civil War Scrapbook, 1937-1939, inclusive
Extent
Joseph and Helen North Family Photographs, 1935-1937, inclusive
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Helen North: X-Ray, 1946, inclusive
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Photograph: Nora North, Jan. 1951, inclusive
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Photograph of Helen and Lydia Oken, undated
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Joseph and Helen North: Unidentified, undated
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Morris and Jennie Oken: Photograph "Matutinal Ablutions", undated
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Lydia Oken Mates: "Snow", undated
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Lydia and Dave Mates Photographs- [China], 1950s, inclusive
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Lydia and Dave Mates Photographs, Sep. 1972, Nov. 1972, undated, inclusive
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Lydia and Dave Mates Unidentified Negatives, undated
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Lydia and Dave Mates Slides: Berlin, undated
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Lydia and Dave Mates Slides: Kremlin, undated
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Lydia and Dave Mates Slides: Leningrad, undated
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Lydia and Dave Mates Slides: Moscow
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Series V: Artifacts, circa 1930s
Scope and Content Note
This series contains artifacts related the Spanish Civil War including a hat taken off of a Moorish soldier who died in the war, a record of Flamenco music, and Spanish castanets. The series also contains an Odessa sailor's hat and several assorted pins and metals related to various Communist and peace organizations.