The Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) was a conflict between Spanish Nationalists under General Francisco Franco's military Junta and a coalition of socialist, communist, anarchist, and separatist groups known as the Republicans. Many of the groups who joined the Republicans were a part of the political left and had supported the Popular Front government of the Second Spanish Republic (1931-1939).

Spain's Ministry of Propaganda (Ministerio de Propaganda) was one of the most active institutions in the production of propaganda posters in Republican Spain. It was created by the government of the socialist Francisco Largo Caballero on November 4, 1936, just two days before the central government left Madrid for Valencia. The ministry ceased to exist on May 17, 1937, when it was integrated into the Ministry of State.

The Central Region Army Group (Grupo de Ejércitos de la Región Central, GERC) was a branch of the Spanish Republican Army during the last phase of the Spanish Civil War. This unit was active between 1938-1939. The Central Region Army Group was composed of four armies: the Andalusian Army (Ejército de Andalucía), the Extremaduran Army (Ejército de Extremadura), the Central Army (Ejército del Centro), and the Levantine Army (Ejército de Levante).

Juan Negrín (1892-1956) served as Prime Minister of the Second Spanish Republic between 1937-1939. Negrín was a Spanish physician and a leader of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party. He served as the President of the Council of Ministers of the Second Spanish Republic and the Spanish Republican government in exile between 1937 and 1945. He died in exile in Paris, France.

Manuel Azaña (1880-1940) served as Prime Minister of the Second Spanish Republic between 1931-1933 and 1936 and later as President of the Second Spanish Republic between 1936-1939. Azaña was an organizer of the Popular Front and a prominent leader of the Republican cause during the Spanish Civil War. After the Republican defeat against Nationlist forces in 1939, Azaña resigned from office, relocated to France, and died in exile a year later.