Maria Irene Fornés Papers
Call Number
Dates
Creator
Extent
Language of Materials
Abstract
Maria Irene Fornés (b. 1930) is a Cuban-American avant-garde dramatist, director, and teacher of playwriting. Her work, most particularly associated with both the Off-Broadway and Off-Off Broadway movements of the 1960s and New York City's "downtown scene" of the 1980s, has had a major influence on several generations of American playwrights. Winner of 9 Obies, as well as numerous additional awards and honors, Fornés wrote over 50 works for the stage between 1961 and 2001. Her best-known pieces are Fefu and Her Friends (1977), The Danube (1982), Mud (1983), and Promenade (1965), a musical play. The papers document more than half of Fornés' entire oevre, in original and annotated playscripts, libretti, and adapted works dating from 1961 through 2001; they also document Fornés' writing process through notes, scenarios, character sketches, and other writings. The remainder of the papers consists of business and professional documents, personal correspondence, family papers, and subject files. The entire collection spans 1909 through 2005, but most of its materials date from the 1980s and 1990s.
Biographical / Historical
Maria Irene Fornés is a Cuban-American avant-garde dramatist, director, and teacher of playwriting. Her work, most particularly associated with both the Off-Broadway and Off-Off Broadway movements of the 1960s and the "downtown scene" of New York City in the 1980s, has had a major influence on several generations of American playwrights. Winner of 9 Obies, as well as numerous additional awards and honors, Fornés wrote over 50 works for the stage between 1961 and 2001. Subjects of her work have included women's lives, lesbian love, Cuban culture, poverty, and emigration; and themes have featured social, political, and interpersonal power relationships.
Fornés was born on May 14, 1930, in Havana, Cuba, the youngest of six children of Carlos Luis and Carmen Hismenia (Collado) Fornés. Her father, a self-taught intellectual, worked at modest white-collar government jobs and her mother had been a teacher before marriage. The family was poor, but cultured. Fornés, with less than four years of formal schooling, was mostly educated at home.
At age 15, Irene (as she began to call herself) emigrated to the United States with her mother and a sister. There she worked at a number of routine jobs to support herself, including in a ribbon factory. In 1947 Fornés took a folk-dancing class at New York City's New School through which she was introduced to Greenwich Village's Bohemian arts and culture scene. She soon moved to Greenwich Village, where she continued to live for the next forty years. During the 1950s she studied painting with abstract impressionist Hans Hoffman; from 1954 through 1957 she was an expatriate, traveling in Europe and living in Paris with American writer Harriet Sohmers Zwerling. In Paris she met Susan Sontag and they became lovers. After her return to the United States the two lived together for several years and Fornés worked as a textile designer.
According to Fornés' account, it was through her relationship with Sontag that she began to write plays—accidentally, she claimed, in an attempt to help Sontag begin her own writing by demonstrating how easy it was to start. Fornés' first play, written in Spanish, La Viuda (The Widow), was written in 1961, followed by There, You Died! (renamed Tango Palace)—her first play in English—in 1963, which was immediately accepted and staged by a San Francisco theater company. Fornés, who had heretofore never received any theatrical or dramatic training, joined the Playwrights Unit of the Actors Studio and took a Method acting course. The years 1965 and 1966 saw the writing and production of Fornés' only commercial success, Promenade, a play with music written by Al Carmines, a colleague at the Judson Poets Theater; and The Office, her only foray into Broadway theater, which closed after previews. After this early turn towards mainstream theater, Fornés' plays were performed exclusively Off-Broadway (and its equivalent venues in other parts of the country as well as in Europe) or in college or university productions. She began to direct most of her own works and directed, adapted, and translated other playwrights' work as well; she also collaborated with composers to create operas. Perhaps her best-known plays, produced in the 1970s and 1980s, are Fefu and Her Friends (1977), The Danube (1983), and Mud (1983). She was honored with awards and obtained artist residencies, grants, and commissioned works. Nearly two dozen of her plays were published, although a significant number of them were performed not more than once or twice or were never staged beyond a workshop performance.
As recognition of Fornés' plays spread, it brought invitations to visit other countries. Her extensive travels to present or discuss her work included trips to Mexico, India, Japan, Germany, North Africa, the Middle East and the Soviet Union. Irene Fornés' work as a teacher of playwriting and mentor to emerging playwrights has been recognized and praised as much, if not more, than her plays. The many workshops, classes, and lectures she presented, including her long association with the Hispanic American theater organization INTAR (International Arts Relations, Inc.) exercised a considerable influence on emerging playwrights, in particular a generation of young Latino playwrights. Fornés' organizational work was important as well. In addition to her service on the council of the Dramatists' Guild of America, in 1973 she co-founded New York Theatre Strategy, a writer-centered cooperative theater production company and spent so much time acting variously as its producer, fundraiser, costumer, publicist and administrator that for several years she laid aside her own writing and directing.
In 2001 illness forced Irene Fornés to retire. Her last completed play (first produced in 2000) was Letters from Cuba; her last working play was27 Rue de Fleurus, a piece about the life of Gertrude Stein.
Arrangement
The papers are arranged in eight series, the first of which has been further arranged into subseries. The series and subseries arrangement is as follows:
Series I: Play Scripts and Production Records
Subseries 1: Plays by Fornés
Subseries 2: Plays by Others Directed by Fornés
Series II: Notes, Scenarios, and Writings in Process
Series III: Business and Finance Files
Series IV: INTAR (International Arts Relations, Inc.) Records
Series V: Family Papers
Series VI: Personal Correspondence
Series VII: Teaching Materials and Students' Work
Series VIII: Subject/Research Files
Folders are arranged in alphabetical order by folder title with the exception of Series IV, which is arranged in chronological order.
Scope and Content
The papers span 1909 to 2005, with the bulk from the 1980s and 1990s, and were created during the course of Irene Fornés' playwriting and directing, teaching, administrative and organizational activities and personal relationships. They include play scripts in both paper and electronic form, production notes, set designs and drawings, correspondence, family papers, newspaper clippings, play and book reviews, itineraries, travel ephemera, grant proposals, contracts, play programs, workshop exercises, and student work, as well as notes, play ideas, scenarios, scripted dialog and monologues, and other writings in process. The collection illustrates writing and research processes of a playwright, teaching playwriting, and some aspects of the business and financial sides of the life of a working artist; it also includes personal correspondence and family documents used as source materials for dramatic pieces, and internal and administrative documents of an ethnic theater arts organization.
Subjects
People
Topics
Conditions Governing Access
Materials are open to researchers. Please contact the Fales Library and Special Collections, fales.library@nyu.edu, 212-998-2596.
Conditions Governing Use
Copyright (or related rights to publicity and privacy) for materials in this collection was not transferred to New York University. Permission to use materials must be secured from the copyright holder. Please contact the Fales Library and Special Collections, fales.library@nyu.edu, 212-998-2596.
Preferred Citation
Published citations should take the following form:
Identification of item, date (if known); Maria Irene Fornés Papers; MSS 413; box number; folder number; Fales Library and Special Collections, New York University Libraries.
Custodial History
Circa 2006 the papers were gathered and moved from Irene Fornés' apartment to the offices of Eduardo Machado at New York University; they were then transferred to the offices of PAJ--A Journal of Performance and Art in approximately 2008. In October 2014, the papers were donated by Bonnie Marranca, editor of PAJ, on behalf of the journal.
Appraisal
Duplicate clippings and documents from the same folders as originals have been discarded. A video recording of D.W. Griffiths' Broken Blossoms was removed from the files for Enter the Night in Series 1 and deaccessioned. Published books found within research files in Series I were also removed for deaccession.
Separated Materials
No materials have been separated from this collection.
Bibliography
The following materials were drawn upon for the Biographical Note in this finding aid.
About this Guide
Processing Information
All materials in this collection have been re-foldered and re-boxed into archival containers. Wherever discernible, the collection's arrangement as received was maintained and augmented. Wherever possible, original folder titles have been retained by the archivist.
Floppy disks were forensically imaged and analyzed.
Repository
Series I: Play Scripts and Production Records, 1961-2001, inclusive
Extent
Scope and Content
This series includes original and revised scripts in both paper and electronic format for a little over half of Irene Fornés' work, including some of her earliest plays and her last working play, Rue de Fleurus (concerning Gertrude Stein). It also includes a script for Minuski, a previously-unknown work, and La Plaza Chica, Fornés' translation and adaptation of her play Abingdon Square into Spanish. In addition, there are scores for some of her plays with songs; a libretto for an opera; and scripts and staging notes for Fornés' directing, translating, and adapting of other writers' plays or stories (such as Henrik Ibsen's Hedda Gabler and Anton Chekhov's Uncle Vanya and Drowning). There are numerous drafts or versions of Fornes' scripts written, edited, or adapted for different productions of a play, or revised after the completion of a run of a particular production. Many of the scripts are not complete, and most of them have Fornés' handwritten--often extensive--annotations and revisions. Production records for various stagings of her own plays and productions she directed of others' works include memos, notes, set designs, cast lists, and calls for auditions.
Arrangement
This series was divided into two subseries to distinguish between Fornés' work as a writer and director of her own plays and her work directing and translating plays of other authors. Folders in both subseries are arranged in alphabetical order by play title. For each title, folders are arranged by genre or document type. In cases in which plays are known by different titles, the best-known title is listed first, followed by the alternate title. Some folders may contain material for multiple titles.
Subseries 1: Plays by Fornés, 1961-2001, inclusive
Abingdon Square and La Plaza Chica--Scripts, 1986-1993, undated, inclusive
Abingdon Square and La Plaza Chica--Scripts, 1992-1993, inclusive
Extent
Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements
345.3 Kilobytes (8 computer files).
Digital materials
Abingdon Square--Poster and Reviews, 1992, undated, inclusive
The Audition--Scripts and Notes, 1998, undated, inclusive
Aurora--Scripts, 1974
Balseros (aka Manual for a Desperate Crossing)--Partial Script, Production Materials, Oral History Interview Transcripts, circa 1995-1997, undated
Cap-A-Pie--Script, Budget, Set Designs, Notes, 1975, undated
The Conduct of Life (No Time)--Production Photographs and Negatives, 1984, inclusive
The Conduct of Life (No Time)--Script--French Translations and Program, 1992, inclusive
The Danube--Scripts (including German translation) and Script Fragments, 1984, undated
A Diary of Evelyn Brown--Production Photograph, 1981
Dr. Kheal--Script--French Translation, undated
Dr. Kheal, Molly's Dream, Tango Palace, The Successful Life of 3--Photocopies of Published Scripts (With Corrections), undated
Drowning--Script--Photocopy of Published Version, undated
Enter the Night (aka Dreams)--Scripts and Production Materials, 1993-1999, undated
Eyes on the Harem--Partial Script and Research Materials, undated
Fefu and Her Friends--Posters, undated
Fefu and Her Friends--Production Materials and Scripts, 1987-1999, undated, inclusive
Scope and Content
Various versions for different productions; one is a Spanish translation.
Fefu and Her Friends--Scripts, 1998, inclusive
Extent
Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements
184.7 Kilobytes (3 computer files).
Digital materials
Girls Can't Kiss--Screenplays, 1991-1992, inclusive
Golonda [possibly aka The Curse of Langdon House]--Script, 1971
Letters from Cuba--Scripts, 2000, undated
Lolita in the Garden--Program and Copies of Production Photographs, circa 1977
Lovers and Keepers--Photocopy of Published Script, undated
Minushki--Script and Notes, undated
Mud--Press Packet and Production Photographs, 1983, 1999, undated, inclusive
Mud, The Danube, The Conduct of Life, Sarita--Photocopies of Published Scripts, undated
Oscar and Bertha--Floor Plan and Set Design Elevations, 1992, inclusive
Oscar and Bertha (aka Brother and Sister)--Scripts, 1987-1992, undated, inclusive
Oscar and Bertha--Script, 1993, inclusive
Extent
Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements
61 Kilobytes (1 computer file).
Digital materials
The Office--Scripts, circa 1965, undated, inclusive
Promenade--Script--Published Versions (Some with Handwritten Revisions), undated
Promenade--Photograph, circa 1960s, inclusive
The Red Burning Light Or: Mission XQ3--Script--Photocopies of Published Version, undated
Sarita--Script--Partial Drafts and Notes, undated
The Successful Life of 3--Production Photographs, circa 1965
The Summer in Gossensass (Ibsen and the Actress)--Production Materials, 1994-1995, undated, inclusive
The Summer in Gossensass--Scripts, 1996-1998, undated, inclusive
Terra Incognita--Librettos and Scores, 1992-1997, inclusive
Terra Incognita--Production and Research Materials, 1994-1997, inclusive
Terra Incognita--Script, 1992, inclusive
Extent
Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements
31.81 Kilobytes (1 computer file).
Digital materials
Terra Incognita--Scripts, 1996-1997, undated
Twins--Scripts, Research Notes and Materials, Drawings, Audition Notes, Contract, 1992-1993, inclusive
A Vietnamese Wedding--Script--Photocopies of Published Version, undated
A Visit--Parts of Script Draft or Notes, undated
What of the Night (The Mothers, early version of Nadine)--Production Notes from Padua Hills Playwrights Workshop, circa 1986, inclusive
What of the Night--Scripts, 1988-1993, undated, inclusive
Scope and Content
What of the Night is a quartet of related plays some of whose individual titles changed over time. These component plays were titled variously as: The Mothers, Nadine, Hunger, Springtime, Lust, Charlie.
The Widow--Production Photographs, circa 1961, inclusive
27 Rue de Fleurus--Scripts and Research Materials, 2001, undated
Unidentified Plays--Production Photographs, Contact Sheets, Negatives, 1987, undated
Unidentified Play--Photograph, undated
Unidentified Play ("Zoila Y Berta in the Malecon 1903")--Script Fragement, undated
Unidentified Play ("Rob and Tom")--Script Fragment, undated
Subseries 2: Plays by Others Directed by Fornés, 1987-1994, inclusive
Hedda Gabler--Script and Production Notes, 1987, undated
It Is It Is Not (by Manuel Pereiras)--Production Materials, 1994
It Is It Is Not (by Manuel Pereiras)--Scripts, 1994, inclusive
Life is a Dream--Script Fragments, Song, Research, undated
Unidentified Play (Possibly Life Is a Dream)--Set Design and Production Snapshots, undated
Uncle Vanya--Script, Casting, Production Notes, Research, 1987, undated
Series II: Notes, Scenarios, and Writings in Process, 1960s-1990s, undated, inclusive
Extent
Scope and Content
This series contains diverse writings and drawings on paper recording Fornés' internal artistic processes and ideas. It includes notes, scenarios, stories and character studies; dialogs, monologues and individual lines; ideas for plays, films and dances; journal and diary entries; fragments of narratives and numerous other types of writings in process; and a small amount of correspondence. Some of the writings are typed, and many are handwritten. Formats range from notebooks to the backs of envelopes and smaller scraps. Almost none of the items are dated, with the exception of a few materials from the 1980s to the 1990s. Most of the materials originally received in labeled folders retain their original folder titles (these are enclosed by quotation marks); the remaining materials have been placed in folders labeled "miscellaneous short notes."
"A.E.", undated
"Alice in Wonderland", undated
"Americans--Directors", undated
"Analfabetos", undated
"Annuciation Movie", undated
"Applicant", undated
"Ashlea, Atlanta and Trip", undated
"Assassination", undated
"Baby Lesbian", undated
"Baby MacQueeney", undated
"Being Hip", undated
"Betty", undated
"Biography", undated
"Biography", undated
"Biography Show", undated
"Blacklist", undated
"The Boy", undated
"Brake-Down", undated
"Carl", undated
"Carreno", undated
"Cata Film", undated
"The Child of Prague", undated
"Children Stories", undated
"Crisis", undated
"Disregard", undated
"Drawings", undated
"East Side", undated
"Eve's Story", undated
"Expo", undated
Family Tree/Genealogy, undated
"Femin", 1969, undated
"Flats", undated
"The Flying Nazi", undated
"Here I Am (Dance)", undated
"Hong Kong Play", undated
"Hotel Renata", undated
"Houses", undated
"Ibiza", undated
"Idra Story", undated
"Indian Play", undated
"Interview", undated
"Interiew II", undated
"John", undated
"Lady Hester Stanhope", undated
"LBJ", undated
"Mama (Notas Y Datos)", undated
"Mary T.", undated
"Maureen (Custody)", undated
"Meg", undated
"Mexican Stories", undated
"Monte Cristo", undated
"Natale" [Libretto Idea], undated
"Necklace", undated
"Observatoir", undated
"Nicholas and Alexandra", undated
"Not Typed -- Monologues", undated
"The Old Lady", undated
"Orphans", undated
[Pancho] "Villa", undated
"Prince", undated
"Purse", undated
"Rape", undated
"Singles to Be Typed (Scenes)", undated
"Singles Typed Dialogue", undated
"Singles Typed (Not Dialogue)", undated
"Sirio and Belén", undated
"Stamp", undated
"Quotes", undated
"Thoughts", undated
"Turin", undated
"TW TW TW", undated
"Typed Monologue", undated
"Vitamin Dispenser", undated
"Vulgar People", undated
"W & Y", undated
"What's Her Name", undated
"Words", undated
"Writings", undated
"Writings in Spanish", undated
"Yoruba", undated
Miscellaneous Short Notes, undated
Series III: Business and Finance Files, 1971-2004, inclusive
Extent
Scope and Content
This series contains documents pertaining to Fornés' professional activities, business, and finances, as well as some materials on her personal business and finances. These include correspondence concerning productions of her plays, requests to stage her works, project and grant proposals, contracts, statements from her agent, pay stubs, calendars, schedules, itineraries, property tax and income records, invoices for maintenance fees for her New York City condominium and for renovations to her home in Delaware County, New York.
Actor/Director/Set Designer Photographs and Resumes, undated
Addresses and Telephone Numbers, undated
Calendars and Schedules, 2003, undated
Contracts, 1988-2002, undated, inclusive
Correspondence--A-I, 1987-2003, inclusive
Correspondence--J-Z, 1976-2004, inclusive
Dramatists Guild of America Resource Directories, 1990s, inclusive
Four-Gated City Film Project--Proposal and Correspondence, circa 1975-1976
Memorabilia for Theater Seasons, 1991-1998, undated, inclusive
Mudra Theatre Workshop, 1973
Personal Finances, 1985-2004, undated, inclusive
Soccoro--Film Proposal (Partial Draft), circa 1971
Series IV: INTAR (International Arts Relations, Inc.) Records, 1992-2000, inclusive
Extent
Scope and Content
Materials in this series document administrative and internal workings of one of the oldest Latino theater companies in the United States, through memos, budgets, production schedules and cast lists for INTAR productions. Fornés had a long association with the organization in a number of capacities, most notably as director and teacher of its playwrights-in-residence program.
1992-2000 Seasons, 1992-2000, inclusive
Series V: Family Papers, 1947-2000, inclusive
Extent
Scope and Content
This series contains government documents and applications for government assistance, and documents and correspondence concerning emigration from Cuba and immigration to the United States, including Irene Fornés' naturalization certificate. Also included are affidavits and requests by Fornés and members of her extended family to Cuban and U.S. authorities to facilitate emigration of relatives in Cuba to the United States. In addition, there are applications by Fornés' mother, Carmen Collado Fornés for public housing and her food stamp identification cards. Nongovernmental official documents such as a travel identification card for American Youth Hostels, Inc. are also part of the series.
Emigration, Immigration, and Other Documents, 1947-2000, undated
Series VI: Personal Correspondence, 1909-2004, inclusive
Extent
Scope and Content
This series contains letters and cards from Irene Fornés' family and photocopies of same, and letters between Fornés and her friends and family. These include some of the letters that Fornés drew upon as sources for two of her plays. Family correspondents in this series include Carmen Collado Fornés, Ramon Collado, Rafael Fornés, and "Pepe."
Family, 1909-2004, inclusive
Friends, 1996-2004, undated, inclusive
Series VII: Teaching Materials and Students' Work, 1971-2005, inclusive
Extent
Scope and Content
This series consists of students' handwritten, typewritten, or mimeographed scenarios; scripts for plays and playlets; stories; and poems. In addition, the series includes flyers, correspondence, exercise instructions, participant lists, play notes, and drawings that pertain to, or that arose from, Irene Fornés' teaching and playwriting workshops. She briefly taught elementary school students, but the bulk of her students were college students and adults who were emerging playwrights. Because Fornés' method for teaching plays included close collaboration, a number of these scripts were co-written by several different students as well as with Fornés herself (Meche is one clear example). In addition to those who received formal instruction from Fornés through workshops, lectures or classes, the series also includes materials from informal "students" of hers who may never have been enrolled in any of the courses she taught--aspiring playwrights whom she seems to have mentored or for whose work she seems to have provided criticism.
Colloquia and Speaking Engagements, 1993-1994, 2002, undated, inclusive
Davidson College, 1991-1992, 2001, inclusive
[From a Writers in the Schools Program]--Student Writings, Teachers and Writers Collaborative, 1971-1972
INTAR Hispanic Playwrights in Residence Laboratory, 1982-1983
Miscellaneous Student Work, Assignment Outlines, Course Evaluations, undated
Scope and Content
Includes a story by American writer Harriet Sohmers Zwerling.
"Recommendations for My Students" (Handwritten Drafts), undated
Students' Plays--Scripts and Notes, 1981-2005, undated, inclusive
Unidentified Play--Scripts, Partial Script, and Script Fragments (Possibly by Students), 2003-2004, undated, inclusive
Workshops, 1982-2003, inclusive
Series VIII: Subject/Research Files, 1919-2005, inclusive
Extent
Scope and Content
This series includes a wide-ranging collection of materials gathered as research for Fornés' plays on subjects as varied as fortune-telling, President John F. Kennedy's assassination, Fidel Castro, and silent films, as well as articles documenting Fornés' career and the reception of her plays, her interests in drama and art, and her extensive travels, as well as those of her mother. Items include biographical portraits and transcripts of interviews with Fornés; newspaper and magazine clippings; play and book reviews; programs and announcements for, and invitations to, plays, dances, musical performances, art exhibits and openings; maps and travel ephemera; catalogs; posters; photographs; song lyrics; and recipes. Most of those materials originally received in labeled folders have retained their original folder titles (indicated by by quotation marks).
"American Songs", undated
Artists-in-Residence Fellowships, 1992, 2001-2004, inclusive
Balseros ("Rafters"), 1994, undated, inclusive
Booklets and Pamphlets, 1928, 1994-2001, undated, inclusive
"Canciones Cubanas", 1980, 1997, undated, inclusive
Catalogs, 2003-2004, undated, inclusive
[Cooking] "Recipes", undated
Directing, undated
Ephemera and Artifacts, undated
Fornés, Carmen--Travel, 1961, circa 1970s-1980s, inclusive
Fornés, Maria Irene--Awards, Honors, and Fellowships, 1966-2003, undated, inclusive
Fornés, Maria Irene--Biographical, 1966-2003, undated, inclusive
Fornés, Maria Irene--Genealogical Information, undated
Fornés, Maria Irene--MacDowell Colony, 1964, inclusive
Fornés, Maria Irene--Others' Plays Directed by Fornés--Reviews, 1986, 1990-1995, undated
Fornés, Maria Irene--Panels and Symposia, 1993-2002, inclusive
Fornés, Maria Irene--Photographs of Fornés, Family and Friends, undated
Fornés, Maria Irene--Playbills, Programs, Announcements, and Listings, 1963-2002, undated, inclusive
Fornés, Maria Irene--Plays--Reviews, 1969-2000, undated, inclusive
Fornes, Maria Irene--Posters--Readings and Festivals, 1993-1997, inclusive
Fornés, Maria Irene--Published Works By and Books About--Reviews, 1999-2002, undated, inclusive
Fornés, Maria Irene--Resume, 1993, inclusive
Extent
Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements
31.38 Kilobytes (1 computer file).